approached questions

Who came up with the origins of psychology

wundt + introspection

what is the evaluation for origins of psychology

• Evidence suggesting minority influence doesn’t involve deeper processing , mosccovi

• His method lacked reliability

• But start of cognitive psychology which is a modern day psychological approach

• As used scientific methods study mind is considered scientific discipline by academics today

What approaches are involved in the emergence of psychology as a science

• 1900 behvaourist

• 1950 cognitive psychology

• 1980 - biological approach

what is the evaluation for the emergence of psyhcologist as a science

• Modern psychology  has same aim as natural science

• But not all approaches use objective measures

what are the assumptions of behvaourist approach

• we are born back state

• only observable b is measurable

• Basic learning theory same dor all species

what is the first theory of behvaourist approach

classical conditioning

• association

• stimulus genralisatibility

• extinction

what is the second theory of the behvaourist approach

operant conditioning

• positive reinforcement

• punishment

• Negative reinforcement

• Shaping

what is the evaluation fo behvaourist approach

• Contributes psychology as a science 

• supporting evidence comes from scientific lab studies

•  conditioning can be applied to RL .

• accused being deterministic in view as sees b controlled by past experiences that been conditioned

How do behvaourist psychology study behvaour

by using animals

• clasical conditioing ; Pavlov -

• Operant conditioing - skinner box

what is the evaluation for hoe do behvaourist psyhcologist study behavoure

• lab have high control of IV + EV .

• when using non human PS don’t work out aim

• - most supporting experiment carried out animals .

• Behaviourist use of animals in Researcher is subjective

What is the assumptions of social leaning theory

• b is learnt from experiences + environment

• learning occurs directly through CC + OC

• Use scientific lab experiments to study b in objective way

what are the evaluation of SLT

• SLT is less deterministic than behaviourist approach

• supporting evidence from lab studies EG bobo aggressive study 

• Increase understanding of why b in Pro or anti social way 

• resolves around issue of causality

How do social learning psychologist study behavoure

banduras - investigate weather aggression can be learned through  SLT  principle 

What is the evaluation as tp how SLT psyhcologist study behavoure / bandura

• Lab have high control over variables + eliminate EV

• The methodology issues of banduras are that lab experiment are high artificial + strictly controlled in nature

• Research support by fox founding imitate computer generated virtual humans similar to themselves , + Rushton found Sam

• Experiment ignores biological differences between boys + girls

What are the assumptions of cognitive approach

• looks at internal mental process

• Mental process arnt observable

• mind is like a computer

what are the 3 main models involves in cognitive approach

• theoretical models

• computers models

• Artificial intelligence

why are schemas important in cogntive psychology

explain how humans process large amounts of information efficiently, shape our perceptions, and influence memory, learning, and behavior.

• Example of the top down information processing

what did the emergent of cogntive neuroscience lead to

• Study atypical brains → also interested in neuroscience + social cognition

• Used to locale diffrent memories + scanning / imaging techniques

What is the evaluation of the cogntive approach

• Less deterministic as adopt soft determinism view

• Takes on both nomothetic + idiographic approach

• +RL application to help people . our understanding of internal mental process

• makes extensive use of schemas + analogies as way indirectly studying + inferring the cognitive basis  of b 

What is the assumptions of the biological approach

• understanding of bran structure + functions

• genes influence b 

What is the valuation of the biological approach

• Criticised being deterministic as suggest human B is controlled by internal biological cases 

• Research support coming from twin + objective studies making it reliable methods of Research

• RL World application = drug therapies

• Methods uses lab studies involve scientific equipment

What are the assumptions of the humanistic approach

• idiographic

• free will

• subjective

what are the AO1 components involves in the human tic approach

• free will

• self actualization

• hierarchy of Needs

• Sell , congruence , conditions of worth

• influence of counciling in psychology - ROGER

what is the evaluation of the human tic approach

• takes positive approach of human conditioning

• Reject reductions  as behaviourism sees b in terms of simple stimulus Reponses

• hierarchy of needs criticised  as lacking universal application

• includes no of untestable concepts  of vague ideas that are abstract 

What are the assumptions of psychodynamic approach

• uncoiunouse process

• personality has 3 parts

• early childhood experiences determine adult personality

what are the A01 pionts involves in psyhcodymic approach

• the role of the uncoiunouse mind / traumatic memories from childhood

• the structure of personality - ID , EGO , superego

• defence mechanisms - repression , Daniel , displacement

• psychosexual stages - oral , anal , phalic , latent , genital

what is the evaluation of the psyhcodymic approach

• +It has been enormously influential in practice of psychology + understanding of how cultures operate 

• Empirical Research supporting effectives of psychoanalysis – biskup – 

• criticised  being cultural biased

• another criticisms is it isn’t empirically testable