Ancient Greece Final Review

Sparta

had the goal of a strong army; women received physical training so they would produce strong, healthy babies

Pericles

a great orator who wanted to rebuild Athens after the Persian Wars

myth

Greek stories about gods and heroes; sometimes used to explain things in nature

Athens

a city state that used an early form of democracy where male citizens attended meetings of the Assembly

Aristotle

Greek philosopher who was the first to use the scientific method; tutored Alexander the Great

Homer

Greek poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey

philosopher

means lover of wisdom

Socrates

Greek philosopher who taught his students by using questions

agora

Greek marketplace that had open-air buildings called porches

Acropolis

hill overlooking Athens that was the center of religious life

Olympics

ancient Greek festival of athletic games

peninsula

A piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides (Greece is one)

Peloponnesian War

A war, lasting from 431 to 404 B.C., in which Athens and its allies were defeated by Sparta and its allies

Mt. Olympus

Mythical home of the highest Greek gods and goddesses

comedy and tragedy

the most common types of Greek drama

Macedonia

An ancient kingdom located north of Greece

Alexander the Great

The ruler of a vast empire that extended From Macedonia to India in the 300s BCE

Alexandria

A city in Egypt founded in 332 BCE by Alexander the Great; an ancient center of learning

Delian League

Caused a lot of wealth to flow into Athens and thus contributed to the Athenian "golden age."

Herodotus

Greek historian, considered the father of History.

Helots

enslaved people in ancient Sparta

Zeus

King of the Greek gods

mountains

Geographic feature that covers much of Greece

Polis

A city-state in ancient Greece.

Europe

Continent that Greece is located on

Polytheism

The belief in or worship of more than one god, the religion of the ancient Greeks

Citizen

In Athens, a free man who was from Athens

Marathon

Site of the famous battle where Athenians beat the Persians. Athens was victorious and a messenger was sent to run the 26 miles back to the city with the news.

Direct Democracy

A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives

Indirect Democracy

a system of government that gives citizens the opportunity to vote for representatives who work on their behalf