Fluid Movement in the Body and Pharmacology Principles

Flashcards covering fluid compartments, movement principles, pharmacology definitions, and basic dosage calculation conversions.

Homeostasis

Maintaining a stable internal environment, even in changing conditions.

Intracellular fluid

Fluid located within cells.

Extracellular fluid

Fluid located outside cells; includes interstitial, intravascular, and transcellular spaces.

Interstitial fluid

Fluid located between the cells.

Intravascular fluid

Fluid located in the blood vessels.

Transcellular fluid

Also referred to as the third space.

Osmolality

The concentration of solutes in a solution, measured in some body fluids to assess hydration status and condition.

Tonicity

Indicates how a solution will affect cells, specifically whether it will cause cells to gain or lose water.

Hydrostatic Pressure

The PUSH pressure created by water in the vascular space.

Osmotic Pressure

The PULL for fluid into the vascular space created by solutes there.

Osmotic equilibrium

The state in which the concentration of solutes is equalized.

PO

Abbreviation meaning by mouth.

SL

Abbreviation meaning under the tongue.

Bucc

Abbreviation meaning between cheek and gum.

IV

Abbreviation meaning intravenous.

IM

Abbreviation meaning intramuscular.

ID

Abbreviation meaning intradermal.

SubQ

Abbreviation meaning subcutaneous.

Pharmacokinetics

The study of how a drug travels through the body, involving absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Pharmaceutics

How various drug forms affect the dissolution, absorption rate, and onset of action of a drug.

Drug Half-life

The amount of time it takes for the drug to decrease in amount by half.

Onset

The amount of time for a drug to produce a therapeutic response.

Peak

The point in time where a drug is at its highest level.

Duration

The amount of time for a drug to demonstrate its FULL therapeutic effect.

Trough Level

The point in time where a drug is at its lowest level.

Pharmacodynamics

The biochemical changes that occur in the body as a result of a drug.

Therapeutic Effects

The intended effects of a drug.

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)

The unintended effects of a drug.

Agonist

A drug with an active site similar in shape to the endogenous ligand that binds to a receptor and produces the same effect.

Antagonist

A drug that binds to a receptor but produces no effect, preventing the endogenous ligand from binding.

Rights of Medication Administration

A safety checklist consisting of eight rights: patient, medication, dose, route, time, documentation, reason, and response.

Kilogram (kg) Conversion

$1\,kg = 1000\,g$ or $1\,kg = 2.2\,lb$.

Milligram (mg) Conversion

$1000\,mg = 1\,g$.

Microgram (mcg) Conversion

$1,000,000\,mcg = 1\,g$ or $1000\,mcg = 1\,mg$.

Milliliter (mL) Conversion

$1000\,mL = 1\,L$.

Teaspoon (tsp) to mL

$1\,tsp = 4.93\,mL$.

Tablespoon (Tbsp) to mL

$1\,Tbsp = 3\,tsp = 14.79\,mL$.