more geography

the hearth of the Industrial Revolution

The United Kingdom, particularly England's textile industry region

Which site factors made Pittsburgh ideal for steelmaking during the Industrial Revolution

Abundant coal and iron ore deposits and navigable rivers for transport

How did the Industrial Revolution impact More Developed Countries (MDCs) in terms of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

It pushed MDCs into stage 2 characterized by high birth rates and declining death rates from improvements in health and food supply

the primary economic sector

Activities involving the extraction of natural resources like farming, fishing, and mining

secondary economic sector

Jobs focused on producing goods through manufacturing and construction

What types of jobs are characteristic of the tertiary sector

Jobs providing services like retail, education, health care, and entertainment

What global region has the lowest HDI scores?

Sub-Saharan Africa

At what stage of the DTM do birthrates start to fall?

Stage 3

Neoliberalism

political and economic ideology that advocates for free-market capitalism

new international division of labor

a spatial reorganization of manufacturing from developed to developing nations, beginning in the late 20th century

characteristics of post-Fordism

Mass production and consumption

multiplier effect

initial injection of spending (such as government investment or consumer demand) leads to a much larger final increase in national income

ecotourism

responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains local well-being, and involves education

In what situations do growth poles find the greatest success?

when centered around a major "propulsive" or anchor industry with strong input-output linkages, such as tech, mining, or manufacturing

the main ideas of Wallerstein's World Systems theory

wealthy core nations dominate and exploit peripheralnations for labor and raw materials, while semi-peripheral nations act as a buffer

the connection between Dependency Theory and colonialism short definition human geography

Dependency Theory argues that underdevelopment in poor nations ("periphery") is not natural but caused by historical and ongoing exploitation by wealthy nations ("core"). It directly links to colonialism, which created this structural inequality by forcing colonies to export raw materials and import manufactured goods, establishing a lasting, uneven dependence