Introduction to the Science of Tajweed

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the fundamental definitions, levels of recitation, and types of errors in the science of Tajweed based on the lecture transcript.

Tajweed (Linguistic definition)

Betterment or improvement.

Tajweed (Applied definition)

To articulate each letter from its makhraj by giving it its due rights and characteristics.

Rights of a letter

Required characteristics of a letter that never leave it and are always present in it.

Dues of a letter

Characteristics of a letter that are present in it some times and not present in it other times.

Theme of Tajweed

The science addresses words of the holy Quran and some narrations of the Prophet (peace and salutations be upon him).

Abu Ubaid al Qassim bin Salam

A scholar of Quranic sciences [died 325] who was a rule settler of Tajweed from a scientific/theoretical point of view.

Fardh Kifayah (Collective duty)

The ruling for the theory of Tajweed; if enough people know the rules, it is not obligatory on others.

Fardh Ayn (Individual duty)

The ruling for the application of Tajweed; it is obligatory on every single Muslim to read the Quran with Tajweed.

Rules of a Correct Reading

Must agree with the Arabic Language, be written according to Othmanic writing, and have a correct chain linked to Prophet Mohamed.

Tahqeeq

The slowest form of recitation, performed with calmness and reflection, characterized by perfect pronunciation; most appropriate for teaching.

Hadr

The fastest form of recitation that still adheres to the rules of Tajweed without omitting elongations or nasal sounds.

Tadweer

A moderate pace of recitation that lies between Tahqeeq and Hadr, combining correctness and speed.

Tarteel

The style of recitation adhering to the rules of Tajweed that applies to all three levels (Tahqeeq, Hadr, and Tadweer).

Lahn

A mistake or deviation from correctness in reciting the Noble Qur'an.

Apparent Error (Lahn al-Jali)

An obvious error in the pronunciation of words or vowel marks noticeable to those familiar with Arabic; unanimously forbidden if done intentionally.

Hidden Error (Lahn al-Khafi)

A subtle mistake in pronunciation detectable only by experts in Tajweed, such as neglecting qalqalah or failing to properly elongate madd.