Muslim Beliefs and Practices Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary related to Muslim beliefs, practices, law, and history, based on lecture notes.

Jannah

Heaven in Islam

Jahannam

Hell in Islam

Tawhid

The oneness of Allah

Shirk

The biggest sin in Islam

Nubuwwah

Shi’a concept of prophethood

Risalah

General term for prophethood in Islam

ahl al-bayt

Mohammed’s bloodline

‘Adl or Adalat

Divine justice in Islam (especially Shi’a)

Imamah

God-given leadership (Muhammad’s successors/family) in Shi’a Islam

Khalifah

Sunni leaders (1st = Abu Bakr)

Mi’ad

Shi’a belief in the Day of Judgement

Kutubullah

Holy books in Islam

Malaikah

Angels of nur (light)

Jinn

Spirit/demon of smokeless fire

Al-Qadr

Predestination

Akirah

Life after death

Iman

6 Sunni beliefs

Iblis or Shaytan

Satan

Hudud

Crimes against God with set punishments

Qisas

Crimes against individuals/families - retribution

Ta’zir

Crimes without a stated punishment in the Qur’an/Hadith

Fitrah

Innate pure nature

Sharia’h

Islamic law

Khums

20% payment (religious tax)

Zakah

2.5% of wealth to the poor

Hajj

Pilgrimage to Mecca

Sawm

Fasting (during Ramadan)

Salah

Prayer

Shahadah

Declaration of faith

Tabarra

Dissociation with evil people

Tawalla

Association with good people

Amr bil ma’roof

Encouraging good actions

Nani Anil Munkar

Discouraging evil actions

Jihad

Striving in the way of Allah

Ummah

Muslim community

Sunnah

Copying Prophet Muhammad’s actions

Hadith

Muhammad’s sayings

Sadaqah

Voluntary charity

Islam

Peace

Harb al-Maqadis

Holy war

Al-salamu ‘alaykum

Peace be upon you

Malik’s Muwatta

(Abu Bakr’s) rules of war

Maududi

Holy wars are good to spread Islam and convert others

’Usul ad-Din

Shi’a roots

Laylat al-Qadr

Night of Power

Kiraman Katibin

Recording angels

Barzakh

Waiting place until Day of Judgement

Hijrah

Emigration from Makkah to Medina

Nur

Divine light

Niyyah

Intention (considered in judgement)

Yawm al-Qiyamah

Day of Judgement

Sahifah

Scrolls from Ibrahim and Musa

Tawrat

Torah from Musa

Zabur

Psalms from Dawud

Injil

Bible from Isa

Wudu

Cleaning before prayer

Qiblah

Direction of Makkah when praying

Rak’ah

Actions of prayer

5 prayers

Fajr, Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib, Isha

Nisab

Level of income needed for Zakah to be compulsory

Ihram

State of holiness - males wear a plain white cloth

Tawaf

Walking 7 times around the Ka’bah

Sa’ee

Running between 2 hills

Zam Zam

Water from Hagar’s search for a well

Arafat

Day of repentance stood on the hill

Ramy al-Jimar

Stoning Iblis in Mina

Id-ul-Fitr

End of Ramadan

Id-ul-Adha

End of Hajj

Id-ul-Ghadeer

Shi’a - commemoration of Ali

Ashura

Shi’a - day of remembrance

Ibadah

Act of obedience and a duty

Suhur

Breakfast before fast

Iftar

Breaking fast

Jihad bi al-Nafs

Striving with the soul (improving character)

Jihad bi al-Lisan

Striving with the tongue (speaking of Islam)

Jihad bi al-Qalam

Striving with the pen (writing in defense of faith)

Al-Adl

The just

Qadi

Judge who decides punishment for ta’zir