AMNIOTIC FLUID EMBOLISM

AMNIOTIC FLUID

contains nutrients, hormones (chemicals made by the body) and antibodies (cells in the body that fight infection).

THE BABY

After about 20 weeks of pregnancy, his/her urine makes up most of the fluid.

AMNIOTIC FLUID EMBOLISM

occurs when amniotic fluid is forced into an open maternal uterine blood sinus after a membrane rupture or partial premature separation of the placenta

AMNIOTIC FLUID EMBOLISM

rare but serious condition that occurs when amniotic fluid that surrounds a baby in the uterus during pregnancy or fetal material such as fetal cells

ANAPHYLACTOID SYNDROME OF PREGNANCY

AMNIOTIC FLUID EMBOLISM is also known as?

ADVANCED MATERNAL AGE

What maternal factor increases the risk of amniotic fluid embolism due to physiological and cellular changes associated with aging?

PRE-ECLAMPSIA

What maternal factor increases the risk of amniotic fluid embolism that is characterized by high blood pressure and excess protein in the urine after 20 weeks of pregnancy increases the risk of amniotic fluid embolism due to placental hypoperfusion?

PLACENTA PROBLEMS

What maternal factor increases the risk of amniotic fluid embolism involving the placenta, such as placenta previa or abruptio placenta, which can disrupt the physical barriers between mother and baby?

POLYHYDRAMNIOS

What maternal factor increases the risk of amniotic fluid embolism due to having too much amniotic fluid, secondary to disruption of the physical barriers between mother and baby?

OPERATIVE DELIVERY

What maternal factor increases the risk of amniotic fluid embolism due to procedures like cesarean section, forceps delivery, or vacuum extraction that can disrupt the physical barriers between mother and baby?

MEDICALLY INDUCED LABOR

What maternal factor increases the risk of amniotic fluid embolism that is associated with high risk of uterine stimulation?

SHARP CHEST PAIN AND DYSPNEA

What are the initial signs of amniotic fluid embolism caused by transient pulmonary vasospasm and persistent narrowing of the blood vessels, which reduce blood flow?

CYANOSIS

What maternal symptom of amniotic fluid embolism involves a change in skin color from pale to bluish-gray due to pulmonary embolism and reduced blood flow to the lungs?

LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS / FETAL DISTRESS

What complication of amniotic fluid embolism occurs within minutes, putting both the mother and fetus at risk due to halted placental blood circulation?

CBC TEST

What diagnostic procedure for amniotic fluid embolism involves a full blood count that may reveal low hemoglobin or high levels of certain heart enzymes?

ELEVATED CARDIAC ENZYMES

What diagnostic finding in amniotic fluid embolism involves elevated cardiac enzymes, such as troponin and creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), indicating heart damage or stress due to low oxygen?

TROPONIN

a type of protein found in the muscles of your heart. This isn't normally found in the blood. When heart muscles become damaged, troponin is sent into the bloodstream. As heart damage increases, greater amounts of this are released in the blood.

MYOGLOBIN

a protein that's found in your striated muscles, which includes skeletal muscles (the muscles attached to your bones and tendons) and heart muscles. Its main function is to supply oxygen to the cells in your muscles (myocytes).

CREATININE PHOSPHOKINASE (CPK)

What enzyme, when found at very high levels in the blood, indicates injury or stress to muscle tissue, the heart, or the brain, most commonly from muscle damage?

BLOOD COAGULATION TEST

What diagnostic test for amniotic fluid embolism shows low platelet and fibrinogen levels, indicating impaired blood clotting and potential thrombus formation?

INCREASED PROTHROMBIN TIME (PT) AND ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME (aPTT)

What abnormal findings in amniotic fluid embolism indicate that blood is taking longer to clot due to rapid consumption or breakdown of clotting factors?

PULSE OXIMETRY

What monitoring method is used in amniotic fluid embolism to continuously check blood oxygen levels, with a normal oxygen saturation being 95% or higher?

ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS

This measures the acidity (pH) and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood from an artery. This test is used to find out how well the lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.

RAISED PaCO2

What arterial blood gas finding in amniotic fluid embolism indicates that the lungs cannot remove enough carbon dioxide, leading to increased acidity in the blood?

CHEST X-RAY

This may show fluid in the lungs a prominent pulmonary artery or enlargement of the heart

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM OR ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

This uses high frequencies sound waves to create pictures of the heart. 

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

This measure electrical activity of the heart and reveal abnormal electrical patterns 

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

What diagnostic procedure in amniotic fluid embolism can reveal right heart strain, elevated pulmonary pressures, and subsequent left-sided heart failure?

DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)

What serious complication of amniotic fluid embolism is characterized by systemic activation of blood coagulation, fibrin deposition, microvascular thrombi, and can contribute to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)?

ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION

What medical intervention involves placing a flexible tube through the mouth into the trachea and connecting it to a ventilator to maintain pulmonary function in patients with amniotic fluid embolism?

DECREASED FIBRINOGEN LEVELS

In amniotic fluid embolism complicated by DIC, what does massive fibrin deposition indicate about fibrinogen levels?

PLASMA TRANSFUSIONS AND HEPARIN THERAPY

What medical interventions are used in amniotic fluid embolism to manage DIC by replacing clotting factors during excessive bleeding and using blood thinners like heparin during excessive clotting?

IMMEDIATE CESAREAN SECTION

What emergency intervention in amniotic fluid embolism can improve neonatal neurological recovery and overall maternal outcome if performed within 5 minutes of maternal cardiovascular arrest?