Earth Science

Objective

Without bias.

Subjective

Using personal feelings and beliefs.

Quantitative

Measurements with specific numerical values.

Qualitative

General or relative descriptions.

Science

All scientific claims are falsifiable; hypotheses can be tested and proven false.

Pseudoscience

Explanations that cannot be tested or falsified, do not use the scientific method.

Hypothesis

A possible answer formulated after identifying a question or observing a problem.

Principle of Uniformitarianism

Natural processes operate in the same way now as they did in the past.

Deductive Reasoning

Applying known principles to establish and predict new outcomes.

Inductive Reasoning

Using analyzed measurable evidence.

Geocentric Model

The model stating that the Earth is the center of the universe.

Heliocentric Model

The model stating that the Sun is at the center of the universe.

Elliptical Paths

The description of planetary motion as proposed by Kepler.

Peer Review

The process of evaluating scientific work through scrutiny by other experts in the field.

Replication of Experiment

Conducting the same experiment to verify results.