Earth Science
objective: without bias
subjective: using personal feelings and beliefs
quantitative: measurements with specific numerical value (more preferred b/c shows trends and shows options for analysis)
qualitative: general or relative descriptions
science: all scientific claims are falsifiable (hypothesis can be tested and proven false)
pseudoscience: explanation that cannot be tested / falsifiable, does not use scientific method
Identify a question/ observe a problem
formulate hypothesis (possible answer)
apply objective experimentation and/or observations
Analyze collected data and interpret if it supports/ refutes hypothesis
4. share result findings by articles in scientific journals
peer review and replication of experiment
Aristotle used deductive reasoning, applying known principles to establish/ predict new outcomes (if a = b, and b = c, then a = c). Versus inductive reasoning: using analyzed measurable evidence
Claudius Ptolemy, (using deductive reasoning) stated Earth was the center of the universe, geocentric model.
Renaissance scientists applied a modern empirical approach and thru Copernicus provided credible math/ after the invention of a telescope proved a heliocentric, sun-centered, model
Kepler described planetary motion as elliptical paths
Galileo observed that the moons orbiting Jupiter could not be orbiting Earth (1st direct evidence disproving the geocentric model)
Steno proposed sedimentary rocks (sandstone/ shade) formed in horizontal layers w/ the oldest on the bottom, youngest layers on top
Hutton studied rivers/ coastlines, comparing modern sediments to fossils/ ancient sedimentary rock strata (layers): ancient rock is formed by similar processes slowly through millions of years
principle of uniformitarianism: states natural processes operate the same now as in the past
Lyell wrote Principles/ Elements of Geology, accepting uniformitarianism
objective: without bias
subjective: using personal feelings and beliefs
quantitative: measurements with specific numerical value (more preferred b/c shows trends and shows options for analysis)
qualitative: general or relative descriptions
science: all scientific claims are falsifiable (hypothesis can be tested and proven false)
pseudoscience: explanation that cannot be tested / falsifiable, does not use scientific method
Identify a question/ observe a problem
formulate hypothesis (possible answer)
apply objective experimentation and/or observations
Analyze collected data and interpret if it supports/ refutes hypothesis
4. share result findings by articles in scientific journals
peer review and replication of experiment
Aristotle used deductive reasoning, applying known principles to establish/ predict new outcomes (if a = b, and b = c, then a = c). Versus inductive reasoning: using analyzed measurable evidence
Claudius Ptolemy, (using deductive reasoning) stated Earth was the center of the universe, geocentric model.
Renaissance scientists applied a modern empirical approach and thru Copernicus provided credible math/ after the invention of a telescope proved a heliocentric, sun-centered, model
Kepler described planetary motion as elliptical paths
Galileo observed that the moons orbiting Jupiter could not be orbiting Earth (1st direct evidence disproving the geocentric model)
Steno proposed sedimentary rocks (sandstone/ shade) formed in horizontal layers w/ the oldest on the bottom, youngest layers on top
Hutton studied rivers/ coastlines, comparing modern sediments to fossils/ ancient sedimentary rock strata (layers): ancient rock is formed by similar processes slowly through millions of years
principle of uniformitarianism: states natural processes operate the same now as in the past
Lyell wrote Principles/ Elements of Geology, accepting uniformitarianism