sexuality final exam

what percentage of sexually active people will get an STI by age 25 and most won’t even know it?

50%

STIs

-over 28 known

-50% cases occur in ages 15-24

-can be transmitted through genitals, mouth, eyes, nose (open orifices)

-spread through oral, anal, and vaginal sex

who is more susceptible to STIs?

transformation zone

area on the cervix that grows smaller as a woman ages

who is more susceptible to infection because the transformation zone is larger?

teenage girls & young woman

what happens in the transformation zone?

rectangular columnar cells are constantly changing into flat, scale-like squamous cells

bacterial STIs

-chlamdyia

-gonorrhea

what is the most common bacterial STI

chlamydia

chlamydia

-most frequently reported infectious diseases in the US

-often asymptomatic (called silent disease)

-leading cause of infertility (PID)

gonorrhea (morning drip)

-males often have symptoms, females do not

-new strains resistant to drugs

-can lead to infertility in men and women

-syphilis

PID

chlamydia (pregnancy & delivery)

linked to premature birth % miscarriage

gonorrhea (pregnagcy & delivery)

-linked to premature birth, miscarriage & PPROM

-transmitted during delivery can lead to infants eyes being exposed

what is the greater danger for transmitting STI during delivery?

vaginal delivery

what is the most common viral STI worldwide?

genital herpes

HSV-1

oral herpes (cold sores)

HSV-2

genital herpes

herpes (viral STI)

-spread through oral, anal, vaginal intercourse and skin to skin contact

-testing is difficult

-symptoms can be treated but no cure

-can be transmitted before and during and outbreak

-linked to cervical cancer

worldwide what percentage of people ages 15-49 have genital herpes?

11%

what is the most common STI in the US

HPV

what percentage of sexually active people will acquire HPV in their lifetime?

80%

what percentage of throat cancer is attributed to HPV (spread via oral sex)?

60%, impacting men more than women

HPV vaccine: Gardasil (2006)

-protects against 4 types: 2 types most likely to cause cervical cancer & other two most likely to cause condyloma (genital warts)

-recommended for girls & boys ages 9-45

-important to protect cervix to be able to sustain pregnancy

-protects against 4 strains that cause 70% of cancers

what percentage of cervical cancers worldwide are from HPV?

95%

HIV/AIDS

-HIV causes AIDS

-less than 50% of HIV infected people aged 15-26 know they have it

-contracted HIV person is most infectious directly after acquiring HIV (before testing is possible)

AIDS acronym

-A: acquired, not inherited

-I: immune system

-D: deficiency (lacks immunity)

-S: syndrome (symptoms occur as a group)

HIV

-infection with another STI increases chance of contracting by 2-5X

-can be transmitted through child birth & breast feeding

-drug cocktail treatments cost $620,000 for lifetime treatment

-free testing

-6 weeks-6 months after infection for antibody detection in a blood test

2007 Berlin Patient (Timothy Brown)

-stem cell transplant to fight leukemia resulted in his functional cure from HIV

-stem cell donor had gene mutation CCR5

-brown no longer takes antiretroviral

2017 The London patient

stem cell transplant to fight lymphoma resulted in his cure

pre-exposure prophylaxis (PREP)

-daily medicine which reduces the risk of getting HIV by 90%

-designed for high risk individuals

-Truvada: combination of 2 HIV meds ( tenofovir & emtricitabine)

• may help women trying to get pregnant from contracting HIV if partner Is positive

Lenacapavir

June 2025 FDA approved twice yearly shot which is 100% effective for women and 96% effective for men at preventing HIV transfer

pubic lice, crabs & scabies (parasitic STIs)

-spread through sexual contact

-spread through infected bed linens, towels, and clothes

-viable for 72 hours

-treatable

-highly contagious

-must tell anyone you had close contact with

oraquick HIV test

-only rapid results home testing kit ($30)

-specimen correctly collected, these are very accurate tests (lab quality identical to doctors office)

My lab box

-receive results in 3-5 days (14 STI tested at same time)

-free physician consultation if you test positive

-checks oral anal, and genital areas

-$79-$397

is there a single test for all STIs?

no

urine test/throat culture

chlamydia & gonorrhea

blood test

hepatitis B, HIV, syphillis

visual inspection

herpes, public lice

where offers free testing?

many pregnancy centers & health departments

what is the only way to avoid STIs?

-abistence (oral, anal, and vaginal)

-mutally monogamous relationships with an unaffected partner

paraphilias

often appear in clusters: if a person has one, they often have another

paraphilias are more common in what gender?

men

paraphilias characteristics

-recurrent or intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors lasting at least 6 months

-usually unusual, extraordinary, or bizarre activities

-person must feel distress about their interest

what may paraphilias include?

-nonhuman objects

-suffering or humiliation of self or partner

-non-consenting people

fetishism

sexual attraction to an object, which is required or preferred for sexual arousal

fetishism examples

shoes, gloves, lingerie, leather, latex

what percentage of college age people had a sexual shoe fetish?

20% college men & 10% college women

partialism

exclusive attraction to particular body parts

partialism examples

feet, ears, breasts, elbows

what do you need to meet APA definition of fetishism?

one must not be able to have sex without the fetish

what is fetishism?

-a spectrum condition

-most people have slight fetishistic traits

-if you can not be aroused without the object, then it may be a major issues with your partner

transvestic disorder

-describes people who cross dress to achieve sexual arousal ad dins that the urge to cross dress causes significant distress or impairment in daily life

-more common in men

-different from transgenderism

what percentage of men have worm women’s clothing for sexual arousal?

3%

sexual sadism

urges or fantasies of intentionally inflicting physical or psychological pain or suffering on a partner

sexual masochism

recurring sexual urge or fantasy of being humiliated or caused to suffer through real acts, not simulated ones

S&M

-popularized by 50 shades of grey book & movies

-US prevalence: 2%

bondage & discipline

-form of masochism

-deriving sexual pleasure from being bound, tied up, or otherwise restricted

-can be a type of fantasy sex characterized by shared and elaborate scripts

-power is central element

-sometimes there is a safe word

autoerotic asphyxia

-the enhancement of sexual excitement & orgasm by pressure induced oxygen deprivation

-1,00 people die each year (mostly men)

formicophilia

obtaining sexual arousal from ants or insects crawling on the body

autonepiophilia

obtaining arousal from wet diapers

urophilia

obtaining arousal from contact with urine

exhibitionism

-exposure of genitals to a non-consenting stranger

-more than 1/3 males arrested for sex offenses are due to flashing

-rarely violent, generally insecure or people who feel sexually inadequate

what is the most common paraphilia?

exhibitionism

telephone scatalogia

-making obscene phone calls to unsuspecting people

-considered a paraphilia because acts are compulsive & repetitive or because the associated fantasies cause distress

-these people typically get aroused when the victim acts shocked

voyeurism (peeping)

nonconsensual observation of others for the purpose of sexual arousal

video voyeurism

the use of a camera to record victims in a bathroom, changing area or bedroom

frotteurism

touching or rubbing against a non consenting person for the purpose of sexual arousal

toucheurism

the same as frotteurism, but using the hand to touch a victim

rape

penetration of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person without consent of the victim

who are the most frequent victims of rape?

women aged 16-24

rape statistics

-underrepresented

-18% women & 3% men in US

what percentage of people who are raped or sexually assaulted report to the police?

only 30%

what percentage of rapes are committed by relatives or friends?

75%

what percentage of rapes happen in the woman’s home or home of someone close to them?

60%

forms of rape

-acquaintance rape (date rape)

-stranger rape

-statutory rape

-marital rape (illegal in all 50 states)

-gang rape

consent

-clear

-coherent

-willing

-ongoing

most widely used date rape drug?

alcohol

what percentage of reported cases of rape used drugs or alcohol?

70%

rohypnol & GHB

-2 most common drugs

-produce memory loss and heavy sedation

what did the manufacturer change in rohypnol?

changed the color to blue to be detected in clear drinks

drug detecting devices

-pd.id

-scrunchies

-nail polish

-cup condoms

-straws

who are most rape victims?

heterosexual women

who are most rapists?

heterosexual men

pedophilia

-abuser is not related to the child by blood or marriage

-could be a coach, teacher, family friend, day care worker

-many look for children on the internet

pedophilia

victim not related

incest

victim related to abuser

what is the most common type of incest?

1st cousins and brother/sister