History of Mexico - 3rd Block Study Guide

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers key concepts, historical figures, and significant dates in Mexican history from the founding of Tenochtitlan through the Mexican Revolution.

Sistema de Castas

A system in New Spain that classified people according to their ethnic origin, determining their privileges, jobs, and social position.

Español

In the caste system, a person born in Spain.

Criollo

A child of Spaniards who was born in America.

Indígena

The original peoples or indigenous populations of the territory.

Negro

People of African origin within the social hierarchy of New Spain.

Mestizo

A person born from the union of a Spaniard and an Indigenous person.

Mulato

A person born from the union of a Spaniard and a person of African origin (Negro).

Zambo

A person born from the union of an Indigenous person and a person of African origin (Negro).

Tenochtitlan

The capital of the Mexica empire founded in 1325, built on a lake and connected by causeways and canals.

Hernán Cortés

The Spanish conquistador who led the expedition resulting in the fall of Tenochtitlan.

Moctezuma II

The Aztec ruler during the encounter between the Aztecs and the Spaniards.

Virreinato de Nueva España

The territory governed by Spain from 1535 until 1821, with an economy based on mining, agriculture, livestock, and trade.

Constitución de 1824

The first constitution of independent Mexico which established a federal republic and the division of Executive, Legislative, and Judicial powers.

Leyes de Reforma

Laws impulsed by Benito Juárez to separate the Church from the State, guarantee equality before the law, and modernize the country.

Ley Juárez

One of the significant Reform Laws included in the modernization efforts of Mexico.

Ley Lerdo

A key law within the Leyes de Reforma framework.

Ley Iglesias

A specific law part of the Reform Laws driven by the liberal movement.

Revolución Mexicana

An armed conflict beginning on November 20, 1910, sparked by the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz, social inequality, and a lack of democracy.

Francisco I. Madero

An important political figure and leader during the Mexican Revolution.

Emiliano Zapata

A prominent revolutionary leader known for his role in the Mexican Revolution.

Francisco Villa

One of the key military leaders and characters of the Mexican Revolution.

Venustiano Carranza

A major leader during the Mexican Revolution who contributed to the eventual political transition.

Constitución de 1917

A principal consequence of the Mexican Revolution that brought about social and political changes.

1325

The year Tenochtitlan was founded.

1521

The year marking the Fall of Tenochtitlan.

1535-1821

The time period spanning the Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato).

1855-1863

The timeframe associated with the Leyes de Reforma.