PhysicalSci (Lesson 5)

Carbs

contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO) in the ratio of 1:2:1

Carbs

are the primary energy source of the human body

Carbs

rice, cereal, potatoes, fruits, pasta.

monosaccharides

most basic form of carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

used to produce and store energy

Fructose

found in fruits and honey

Glucose

found in all major carbohydrates like starch, table sugar, etc.

Galactose

found in milk and milk products

Disaccharides

also called a double sugar

Dissacharides

formed by two monosaccharides, or simple sugars

Maltose

glucose + glucose

Sucrose

glucose + fructose

Sucrose

found in regular table sugar, sugarcane, ana sugar beet

Lactose

glucose + galactose

Polysaccharides

a large molecule made of many smaller monosaccharides

Starch

storage form of glucose in plants

Glycogen

storage form of glucose in animals

Cellulose

structural material in plants

Lipids

polymers of fatty acids that contain a long, non-polar hydrocarbon chain with a small polar region containing oxygen

Lipids

insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

Lipids

long-term storage of energy in the body

Lipids

serve as material for cell membrane

Lipids

insulate body to maintain temperature

Lipids

aid in digestion

Triglyceride

made up of four simpler molecules, a glycerol backbone, anc three fatty acid molecules

Steroid

provides a key component of all cell membranes

Steroid

serves as vitamins and as hormones in the body

Waxes

serve as a construction
material for bees

Waxes

act as a sealant to keep moisture inside the plant leaves and fruits

Proteins

composed of four elements, namely: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON)

Protein

made up of amino acids

Keratin

a structural protein found in hair, skin, and nails

Fibroin

an insoluble protein present in silk produced by numerous insects

Collagen

a major insoluble fibrous protein found in connective tissues such as tendons, ligaments, skin, cartilage and the cornea of the eye

Enzymes

catalyze chemical reactions

Enzymes

speed up a reaction; lower the needed energy for a reaction to take place

Pepsin

breaks down proteins into peptides (smaller units)

Enzymes

bind substances to their specific partners

Sucrase

also helps invertase; digestion of sugars and starches

Myoglobin

contains a hence group from where the oxygen is stored

Myoglobin

stores oxygen in muscles

Nuclei acid

a polymer of long chains of nucleotides

Nucleic acid

play an essential role in the storage, transfer, and expression of genetic information

Friedrich Miescher

He discovered nucleic acid

DNA

carries the genetic code of organisms

Nucleosynthesis acidl

"blueprint of life"

RNA

carries the information from the DNA to the cellular factories for the synthesis of proteins