module 8 exam 4 GMO, organic food, GLP, DIETS, SUPPLEMENTS

Definition of organic food  

Food grown without synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, sewage sludge, or GMOs.

Memory tek for organic (NO SSSG)  

No Synthetic pesticides, No Sewage sludge, No Synthetic fertilizers, No GMOs.

Are organic foods chemical‑free?  

No, but they have lower pesticide levels.

Clean 15 definition  

Foods low in pesticides even when not organic.

Dirty Dozen definition  

Foods high in pesticides that should be bought organic.

Memory tek for clean vs dirty  

Clean = peel, Dirty = thin skin.

Does washing remove pesticides?  

Only surface pesticides, not internal ones.

Selective breeding definition  

Humans choosing plants/animals to reproduce for desired traits.

Are selectively bred foods GMOs?  

No

Definition of GMO  

Organism whose DNA is changed in a lab.

Memory tek for GMO  

GMO = DNA changed in a lab.

Definition of bioengineered food  

Food legally required to be labeled as containing detectable modified DNA.

Difference between GMO and bioengineered  

Bioengineered is the legal label; not all GMOs qualify.

Definition of transgenic organism  

Organism with a gene inserted from another species.

Memory tek for transgenic  

Trans = transfer genes across species.

How transgenic organisms are made  

Lab inserts foreign DNA into organism.

Common GMO crops in the US (CSSSS)  

Corn, soy, sugar beets, squash, salmon.

Benefits of GMOs (BIG)  

Bigger yields, Improved nutrition, Greater pest resistance.

Risks of GMOs (EPI)  

Environmental concerns, Pesticide resistance, Industry control.

Relationship between GMOs and pesticides  

Some GMOs reduce pesticide use, others increase herbicide use.

Concerns with supplements (UOD)  

Unregulated, Overdose risk, Drug interactions.

Most common supplements (general population)  

Multivitamins, vitamin D, calcium, fish oil.

Most common supplements (athletes)  

Protein powder, creatine, BCAAs, pre‑workout.

Side effects of supplement overdose  

Toxicity, especially fat‑soluble vitamins A, D, E, K.

Who benefits from supplements (PIP)  

Pregnant women, Individuals with deficiencies, People with restricted diets.

Definition of GLP‑1  

Gut hormone that increases insulin, slows stomach emptying, reduces appetite.

Memory tek for GLP‑1  

GLP‑1 = Gut hormone that lowers sugar and hunger.

Uses of GLP‑1 drugs  

Type 2 diabetes, weight loss.

Side effects of GLP‑1 (NVD)  

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.

Shared characteristics of healthy diets (PLANT)  

Plenty of fruits/veggies, Low sugar, Adequate protein, Nutrient‑dense, Trans fats avoided.

Mediterranean diet features  

High plants, olive oil, fish; low red meat.

DASH diet features  

Low sodium, high potassium and magnesium; lowers blood pressure.

Vegetarian/vegan diet features  

Plant‑based; watch B12, iron, omega‑3.

Low‑carb/keto diet features  

High fat, low carb; weight loss.