Science of Tajweed

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions, rulings, levels, and types of errors within the Science of Tajweed.

Tajweed (Linguistic Definition)

Betterment or improvement.

Tajweed (Applied Definition)

To articulate each letter from its makhraj by giving it its due rights and characteristics.

Rights of a letter

Required characteristics of a letter that never leave it and are always present in it.

Dues of a letter

Characteristics of a letter that are present in it some times and not present in it other times.

Theme of Tajweed

Addresses words of the holy Quran and some narrations of the Prophet (peace and salutations be upon him).

Isti‘ādhah

A topic in Tajweed science concerning seeking refuge with Allah before recitation.

Basmalah

The recitation of "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful" and its specific rulings in Tajweed.

Tafkheem

Heaviness in the pronunciation of letters.

Tarqeeq

Lightness in the pronunciation of letters.

Founding of Tajweed (Practical)

The Prophet (peace and salutations be upon him), as the Quran was revealed to him and read by him with tajweed after being taught by Jibril (peace be upon him).

Founding of Tajweed (Theoretical/Scientific)

Scholars of Quranic sciences such as Abu Ubaid al Qassim bin Salam [died 325].

Theory of Tajweed (Ruling)

Fardh Kifayah (collective duty); it is obligatory on the Muslim community but if enough people know it, it is not obligatory on others.

Application of Tajweed (Ruling)

Fardh Ayn (individual duty); it is obligatory on every single Muslim to read the Quran with tajweed.

Tahqeeq

The slowest form of recitation, performed with calmness and measured pace, most appropriate for teaching.

Hadr

The fastest form of recitation that still adheres to the rules of Tajweed, requiring caution not to omit elongations or nasal sounds.

Tadweer

A moderate pace of recitation that lies between the slow-paced Tahqeeq and the faster-paced Hadr.

Tarteel

The style of recitation that adheres to the rules of Tajweed, applying to all three levels (Tahqeeq, Hadr, and Tadweer).

Lahn

A mistake or deviation from correctness in reciting the Noble Qur'an.

Apparent Error ( اللحن الجلي )

An obvious error in the pronunciation of words, vowel marks, or letters that is noticeable to those familiar with Arabic.

Hidden Error ( اللحن الخفي )

A subtle mistake in pronunciation detectable only by experts in Tajweed, such as neglecting qalqalah or failing to properly elongate madd.

Othmanic writing

The calligraphy that the Quran was written in during the ruling of Othman Bin Affan; one of the rules for correct reading.

Makhraj

The articulation point of a letter.

Ghunnah

Nasal sounds that must not be blurred during fast recitation (Hadr).

Qalqalah

The echoing sound in recitation; neglecting it is considered a hidden error (Lahn Khafi).