marine marine middy 1 review

What physical features could act as barriers to gene flow in the ocean? Select all that apply.

a) Landmasses

b) Non-continuous habitat

c) Physical distance

d) Ekman spirals

a) Landmasses

b) Non-continuous habitat

c) Physical distance

What is the relevance of terrestrial features like the Isthmus of Panama to speciation in marine taxa?

a) Terrestrial features replace marine habitats, causing marine organisms to evolve into new terrestrial species.

b) Terrestrial features completely alter marine habitats, causing marine organisms to evolve into new species to adapt to new environmental conditions.

c) Terrestrial features may reduce or prevent gene flow in marine taxa, causing

speciation via dispersal or vicariance.

d) Terrestrial features have no relevance to speciation in marine taxa.

c) Terrestrial features may reduce or prevent gene flow in marine taxa, causing

speciation via dispersal or vicariance.

Marine biogeographic provinces do not share currents. This produces deeply separated phylogenetic lineages in species whose ranges span multiple provinces.

a) True

b) False

b) False

Select all that apply. Scientific research articles in our weekly readings typically include all of the following sections except:

a) Results

b) Preamble

c) Abstract

d) Author list

b) Preamble

Marine snow is the result of seawater in the epipelagic zone freezing into ice crystals that sink into the deep sea.

a) True

b) False

b) False

Identify the physiological and physicochemical stressors impacting subtidal, molluscan benthos in the current anthropocene. Select all that apply.

a) Drag force from ocean currents

b) increased H+ ion concentration in the oceans

c) Desiccation and thermal stress associated with frequent exposure to air during low tide

d) Habitat decline of sea grass meadows

a) Drag force from ocean currents

b) increased H+ ion concentration in the oceans

d) Habitat decline of sea grass meadows

Pycnoclines are formed by rapid changes in temperature and salinity with increasing depth.

a) True

b) False

a) True

Where would you expect to find phytoplankton? Select all that apply.

a) Euphotic zone

b) Aphotic zone

c) Abyssal zone

a) Euphotic zone

Upwelling zones are regions of low productivity.

a) True

b) False

b) False

Which tectonic feature is associated with the formation of islands like Hawaii?

a) Divergent plate boundary

b) Convergent plate boundary

c) Transform plate boundary

d) Volcanic hotspot

d) Volcanic hotspot

Earth's global atmospheric circulation patterns are shaped by all of the following except:

a) Earth's rotation

b) Moon phase

c) Solar radiation

d) Earth's tilt

b) Moon phase

The completion of the Panama Canal in 1914 explains why closely related species are found in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

a) True

b) False

b) False

In the subtidal zone, why might larger individuals of a sessile, benthic species typically reside in deeper environments?

a) Larger individuals typically grow more quickly in cold water, and water temperature decreases with depth.

b) Larger individuals have larger surface areas, so they experience less drag force in deeper subtidal environments with lower wave energy.

c) Larger individuals have lower oxygen requirements, so they can occupy the oxygen minimum zone with less competition from smaller individuals.

d) They don't-larger individuals only reside in shallow subtidal environments.

b) Larger individuals have larger surface areas, so they experience less drag force in deeper subtidal environments with lower wave energy.

Why might populations of the same species at different depths experience different levels of hydrodynamic drag force?

a) Water speeds produced by unbroken waves are faster in shallower water.

b) Water speeds produced by unbroken waves are slower in shallower water.

c) Populations may differ in size, orientation, etc. at different depths.

d) A and C

e) B and C

d) A and C

Seagrass canopies can reduce water speed at the boundary layer near the seabed, lowering the hydrodynamic drag forces exerted on the organisms living near the seabed.

a) True

b) False

a) True