learning theories

Classical conditioning

An unconditioned stimulus is pared with a conditioned stimulus to create a conditioned response (Pavlov)

Operant conditioning

A form of learning where an individual forms an association between a particular behavioural response and a particular reinforcement (S-R bond)

Reinforcement

Process by which a connection (bond) between an stimulus and a response is established and developed

Positive vs negative reinforcement

Positive:

Adds a pleasant stimulus to increase or maintain behaviour

Negative:

Remove an unpleasant stimulus to increase or maintain behaviour

Explain how reinforcement can develop the correct S-R bond [4]

Positive:

• a positive reward is given following positive behaviour

• Encourages repetition of correct response

• More likely to repeat it and the same positive response will follow the stimulus

Punishment:

• Removal - prevents response reoccurring

• Creates an association of displeasure

Explain three ways in which a coach might use positive reinforcement to develop sporting performance using the SR bond [6]

Stimulus:

• verbal praise for correct response

• Rewards

• Observational learning

response:

• positive emotions to associate with desired response

• Video training - highlight best performances

• Goal setting to increase desire

Fits and posners stages of learning

• Cognative

• Associative

• Autonomous