Immigration

havent finished my project yet 😛

immigration

•  movement of people from one place to another  

• Can occur because of push and pull factors  

Three types of immigrants  

• Economic immigrants – skilled worker and business, specifically for work 

• Family immigrants – any family that is sponsored by family that is already there 

• Refugees – come from danger, emergency 

 

Push factor 

Factors that force a person to move out of their home to a new place  

push factor examples

• famine 

•  war 

• natural disaster 

• Lack of jobs 

• Overpopulation 

• Drought  

Pull factor 

Factors that encourage a person to move to a new place

pull factor examples

• More freedoms 

• Family 

• Technology 

• Better job opportunities 

• Better education 

• Healthcare 

 

Historical immigration patterns 

• Immigration to Canada has periods of booms and busts 

• These were caused by events that occurred both in Canada and other countries 

• Boom: in 1840, there was the arrival of thousands of Irish settlers due to Irish potato crop failing, facing starvation 

• Bust: little immigration in 1915-1919 due to World War I and the worldwide influenza epidemic 

 

Four factors in immigration policy 

• Healthcare 

• Security 

• Political 

• Economic  

 

Healthcare 

• Their health could put the health of Canadians at risk 

• They have a condition that could endanger public safety (ex: mental disorder) 

• Their health could put a specific demand on Canadian health services (ex: cancer) 

• None of these health requirements apply to people entering Canada as refugees or as a family-class immigrants 

Security factor 

• You've been engaged in or suspected of espionage (spying) 

• You've been engaged in or suspected of terrorism 

• Perceived danger to security of Canada 

• Engaged in acts of violence that might harm or endanger the lives of Canadian  

• You've been engaged in or suspected of being in a dangerous organization 

Political factor 

• The needs of Canada and beliefs/values of the political party in power – determine immigration levels and how many are accepted 

• Events and issues in other countries also play a role in immigration policies to accommodate for current issues 

• The party's beliefs and values on immigration play a part  

 

Economic factor 

• Plays a key role in supporting our economic growth 

• Between 2025 and 2030 the number of Canadian deaths will be the amount of births (immigrants are the source of growth, unless birth and death rates change) 

• Impacts Canadas labour force. Labour force is relatively equal to the numbers of people retiring without immigration our labour force will shrink 

Canada changing immigration laws 

• Today no one is excluded from Canada because of race or country of origin 

• The point system is based on skills and education 

• In the past, Canada favored immigrants of British ancestry and not from Asian countries 

2002 immigration and refugee protection act 

Federal legislation regulating immigration to Canada  

IRPA 

Looking over our goals for immigrations  

Objectives of IRPA  

• Pursue social, cultural, economic benefits for all Canadians 

• Respect the bilingual and multicultural character of Canada 

• Support the minority official language communities in Canada 

• Share benefits of immigration and support a prosperous economy across all regions of Canada 

• Reunite families 

• Promote the successful intermigration of immigration, recognizing the culture and the mutual obligations 

• Save lives and offer protection to people who are displaced and persecuted 

• Fulfill and affirm Canadas international commitments to protect refugees 

• Grant fair considerations to people who claim to be persecuted as an expression of Canadas humanitarian ideas 

• Offer refugees to people facing persecution  

Family class immigrants 

• Have family already in Canada 

• Immediate family (spouse, children, parents, grandparents) 

• Sometimes extended family (siblings, aunts/uncles, nieces/nephews) 

Requirements for family sponsor 

• Canadian citizen or permanent resident of Canada 

• Minimum of 18 

• Proof that you can support them for several years  

Marriage laws  

Determine if it is fraudulent or not 

Temporary visa 

• Limited time for work contract 

• Usually a 6 month period depending on type of visa 

• Cannot sponsor others  

• Can apply for permanent residency 

• Can be denied renewal 

Permanent residency  

• Renewed every 4 years 

• Can apply for citizenship 

• Can sponsor others 

• Access to healthcare and social services  

• Cen be deported if involved in criminal activity 

Refugee 

• A person who seeks in another country because of danger or persecution in their home country 

• In 1976, Canada made refugees one of its immigration categories  

• The change meant Canada accepted refugees steadily instead of crisis by crisis 

 

Singh decision 

• April fourth is known as refugees rights day 

• A change in the refugees policy 

What is the Singh decision 

• Singh wanted to become a refugee from India to Canada 

• He wanted to appeal his case but he was denied 

• However, it violated section 7, violating life, liberty, and security, and since he was on Canadian land, he could appeal 

Result of the Singh decision 

• People claiming refugee status in Canada have the right to a hearing, which they attend to in person 

• Have a quick and fair hearing 

• Refugees provided with the necessities of life while waiting for hearing 

Economic immigrants 

• Skilled workers or business people 

• Based on merit through a point system (bunch of categories to determine how successful you would be) 

Point system 

• Only for economic immigrants (refugees and family immigrants do not apply) 

• The largest groups of immigrants in Canada 

Point system based on 

• Language (French and English) 

• Education level 

• Years of work experience 

• Age 

• Arranged employment (worked in Canada before or job lined up) 

• Adaptability  

• Support yourself upon arrival  

Language skills 

• Look at how well you can read, write, listen, and speak in either English or French 

• Must take an approved language test and by level 7 or higher in each category 

 

Education skills 

• If school in Canada, must have certificate, diploma, or degree from Canadian high school or post-secondary school 

• If school outside of Canada, must have assessment completed to show your education equals that above 

Work experiences 

Points for number of years of full time or equal part time 

Age  

• If you’re old, you'll get less points (near retirement and can get injured) 

• If you’re young, you'll get more points (younger generation has a job and must pay taxes) 

 

Arranged employment in Canada 

Need full time job in specific category before applying to the Federal Skilled Worker program from a Canadian employer for at least 1 year 

Adaptability  

• this is about how well you and your spouse will adapt and settle in Canada  

• based on: spouses language level, both of their past studies in Canada, both of their past work experience in Canada, relatives in Canada 

• Live a better life because you can adapt to the culture 

Immigration helping Canadian labour force 

• Many immigrants are highly skilled and knowledgeable in important fields 

• Some degrees are not recognized in Canada 

 

Immigration impacting indigenous communities 

• Because First nations have rights and they were the first people, they have  a say in immigration 

• Reasonable expectation to be consulted when the government of Canada makes decisions that fundamentally shape the future of the country 

• Indigenous are saying that they should have a say in immigration according to their treaties 

• The indigenous should get help before the immigrants  

Assembly of first nations 

• Represents many first nations groups  

• Seek to ensure indigenous peoples are being represented and seen as partners in Canada, With a right to share prosperity  

• Came out with resolution 49 – they weren't getting the resources they need, so they wanted to stop all immigration because of the promise they made with Canada 

Provincial nominee program 

• How provinces advertise for immigrants that they need 

• Provinces saying they have a job gap in a certain area, so they advertise to immigrants with a certain skill 

• Cannot force immigrants to go to a certain place, so they advertise to try and get more working gaps 

target groups  

• Each province has its own stream (groups) and requirements 

• They may target: students, business people, skilled worker, semi-skilled workers 

 

The Canada Quebec accord 1991 

• a law so Quebec handles their own immigration 

• They write their own policies and attract people who already do or will have to learn French 

• If you immigrant to Quebec, you must learn French, but if you already know French, Quebec wants you 

Citizenship 

• Once you have achieved permanent residency, then you can apply for citizenship after 3 years 

• File taxes – no tax evasion  

• Immigrants need to pass a test to become a Canadian citizen