SS 10 Chapter 10 Protecting Human Rights

Vocabulary flashcards covering the key legal documents, figures, and events related to human rights and constitutional history in Canada based on the Chapter 10 review notes.

Minority Language Educational

Guarantees the right to be educated in one's first language—English or French.

Charter of Rights and Freedoms

This document guarantees fundamental freedoms and rights.

International Criminal Court

Created in $2002$ to investigate and prosecute individuals for genocide or war crimes.

Entrench

To fix firmly and securely, makes changing the Constitution extremely difficult.

Democratic

The right to vote.

Clarity Act

It established conditions under which a province can legally split from Canada.

Amendments

Changes to the Constitution.

Distinct Society

What Quebec was to be acknowledged as.

Reverse Discrimination

Discrimination against a majority group in order to give preference to a disadvantaged group.

Referendums

Events held in Quebec in $1980$ and $1995$.

Complain

Canadians can do this if they feel the Canadian government is not meeting the standards of the Declaration.

Bill of Rights

Canada's first human rights legislation which was proposed in $1960$.

Human Rights

These are considered "basic to life in any society."

Four

Number of provinces that voted in favour of the Charlottetown Accord.

Jacques Parizeau

Quebec premier who held a referendum in $1995$.

British North America Act

Name of the document which came into effect on $July\,1,\,1867$; Canada's first constitution.

United Nations

International organization which created the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UNDHR).

Seven

The number of provinces out of $10$ needed to amend the Constitution.

Holocaust

Major event during WW II which led to the creation of the UNDHR.

Meech Lake Accord

First attempt made in $1987$ to have Quebec sign onto the Constitution.

Pierre Trudeau

PM who brought the Canadian Constitution home.

Legal

Guarantees the right to a fair trial.

Charlottetown Accord

Second attempt to have Quebec sign onto the Constitution in $1992$.

Rene Levesque

Quebec premier from $1976$ to $1985$; founded the Parti Quebecois.

Sovereignty Association

An economic partnership, but politically independent; what Quebec wanted in the $1980$ referendum.

Notwithstanding

This clause allows provincial and federal governments to pass a law even if it violates a specific freedom or right.

Elijah Harper

Manitoba First Nations leader who refused to sign the Meech Lake Accord.

Affirmative Action

The policy of favouring individuals belonging to groups regarded as disadvantaged or subject to discrimination.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

International document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly that enshrines the rights and freedoms of all human beings.

Reasonable Limits

Section $1$ of the Charter places these on our rights and freedoms.

Constitution

The purpose of this document is to define the limits and powers of government.

Human Rights Tribunal

This body is to investigate and resolve complaints of discrimination in BC.

Bloc Quebecois

Federal separatist party founded by Lucien Bouchard in $1991$.

Amending Formula

This gave Canadians the ability to make changes to the Constitution without having to receive the consent of the British Parliament.

Nonbinding

Problem with enforcing the Declaration of Human Rights.

Equality

Rights which state that all Canadian citizens cannot be discriminated against based on their race, creed, gender or sexual orientation.

Mobility

This right grants the right to travel and work in any province.

British Columbia

This province had the highest percentage of votes against the Charlottetown Accord.

Supreme Court of Canada

Body that ruled Quebec did not have the right to separate unilaterally.

Britain

This country's approval was needed to bring home the Canadian Constitution.

Judges

A criticism of the Charter is that it gives too much power to these individuals.

Kitchen Compromise

Agreement which left Quebec feeling betrayed and not signing the Constitution.

Fundamental Freedoms

Peaceful assembly, expression, and association are examples of these.

John Diefenbaker

Prime Minister who introduced Canada's first human rights legislation.

Self Government

Goal of Indigenous Peoples in the Charlottetown Accord.

Quebec

Province which did not sign onto the Constitution.

Brian Mulroney

Progressive Conservative PM whose goal was to have Quebec sign onto the Constitution.

Repatriate

To take control of power over a document from a former colonial government; to bring the Constitution home.