Genetics Vocabulary Review

These flashcards cover vocabulary terms related to genetics and heredity concepts from the notes.

Phenotype

What a trait looks like (PHYSICAL). Examples include cleft chin, widow's peak, and curly hair.

Genotype

The combination of alleles (GENES), represented by examples such as Tt, Ww, AA, nn.

Allele

An allele is one variety of a gene. For example, B can represent a hair color allele.

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a trait (purebred). For example, AA or aa.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a trait (hybrid). For example, Aa.

Homozygous Dominant

Genotype with two dominant alleles, e.g., AA.

Homozygous Recessive

Genotype with two recessive alleles, e.g., aa.

Punnett Square

A diagram that predicts the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross.

Dominant Trait

A trait that is expressed when at least one dominant allele is present.

Recessive Trait

A trait that is expressed only when two recessive alleles are present.

Hybrid

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait.

True-breeding

Organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves when self-fertilized.

Monohybrid Cross

A genetic cross between individuals focusing on one trait.

F1 Generation

The first generation of offspring from a cross of two parent plants.

F2 Generation

The second generation of offspring, produced by crossing individuals from the F1 generation.