Music Unit 2

rhumba/latin jazz and swing/mambo

Xavier Cugat’s music style

jazz/bebop

Charlie Parker’s music style

jazz/crooner

Nat “King” Cole’s music style

jazz/crooner

Frank Sinatra’s music style

R&B

Ruth Brown’s music style

R&B

Big Mama Thorton’s music style

honky-tonk

Hank Thompson’s music style

honky-tonk

Kitty Wells’ music style

country western

Patti Page’s music style

country western

Eddy Arnold’s music style

crooner

Johnny Mathis’ music style

Rock ‘n’ Roll

Carl Perkins’ music style

Rock ‘n’ Roll

Bill Haley and the Comets’ music style

Rock ‘n’ Roll with R&B influence

Fats Domino’s music style

Rock ‘n’ Roll with R&B influence

Chuck Berry’s music style

Rock ‘n’ Roll with R&B influence

Little Richard’s music style

Rock ‘n’ Roll with R&B influence

Ricky Nelson’s music style

rockabilly

Wanda Jackson’s music style

rockabilly

Elvis Presley’s music style

rockabilly

Buddy Holly’s music style

Latin Rock ‘n’ Roll

Ritchie Valens’s music style

Rock ‘n’ Roll

Janis Martin’s music style

Rock ‘n’ Roll

Connie Francis’ music style

Rock ‘n’ Roll

Brenda Lee’s music style

jump bands

small instrumental combos associated with early R&B, made up of a rhythm section (piano, drum set, bass) and one or more horn players

Xavier Cugat

Spanish violinist and dance band leader, known as the “Rhumba King”

bebop

subgenre of jazz characterized by flashy, often fast improvisation, flourished in smaller ensembles

Nat “King” Cole

skilled pianist and vocal crooner who was one of the first African Americans to cross over to the predominatnly white pop charts

Eddy Arnold

country and western singer who dominated the country charts and had success crossing over to pop

BMI

licensing agency that rivaled ASCAP, allowing its members to claim royalties for their songs on the radio

easy listening (light music)

music with very simple rhythms and melodies, generally featuring a subdued orchestra or chorus

overdubbing

process of layering recordings, where recorded tracks of tape are played while new ones are played at the same time

mambo

most popular form of Latin dance music in the United States in the years before the rise of rock ‘n’ roll

payola

the practice of bribing someone to use their influence or position to promote a particular product or interest

rhythm and blues

term replaced “race records” and described music performed almost exclusively by black artists and produced mainly (at least at first) for sale to African American audiences

R&B

The Dominoes’ music style

R&B

Muddy Waters’ music style

Alan Freed

disk jockey of the 1950s who was instrumental in the spread of rock ‘n’ roll, in part by bringing R&B to the popular mainstream via radio broadcasts

rockabilly

form of country and western music informed by the rhythms of African American R&B and electric guitar

record changer

turntables set up to accomodate all existing formats

Doo-wop harmonic progression

a popular four-chord progression popularized in early rock ‘n’ roll, a.k.a. “Heart and Soul Progression”

Chuck Berry

pioneer in electric guitar and early rock ‘n’ roll artist with heavy R&B influence

Richie Valens

Mexican American singer and guitar player famous for “La Bamba” (1958)

Elvis Presley

rock ‘n’ roll artist famous for his rockabilly style (vocal hiccups) and provocative dancing/movements

cover version

a version (sometimes almost exact copy) of a previously recorded performance involving an adaptation of the original’s style/sensibility and usually aimed at cashing in on the original’s success

Phil Spector

performer, songwriter, and sound producer, famous for his “wall of sound” and his obsession with detail

discotheques

clubs devoted to dancing, including dances such as the Twist

Berry Gordy Jr.

producer of Motown music who sought to keep the business under African American (his) control and market that music to all young Americans

VCU

stands for “verse-chorus unit”

bossa nova

music style that blended West Coast jazz characteristics (like harmony) with Brazilian samba rhythms and Latin instruments

Brian Wilson

singer, songwriter, and producer who founded the Beach Boys

concept album

album conceived as an integrated whole with interrelated songs, often arranged in a certain order

SRDC melodic schema

statement —> restatement —> departure —> conclusion

dance music

music style of American Bandstand TV show

dance music

music style of Chubby Checker (Ernest Evans)

Chubby Checker

recorded a cover of “The Twist”

rock ‘n’ roll

Phil Spector’s music style

surf music

Jan and Dean’s music style

surf music

Dick Dale’s music style

surf music

the Del-Tones’s music style

surf music

The Beach Boys’ music style

rock

The Beatles’ music style

rock

The Rolling Stones’ music style

rock

the Animals’ music style

rock

the Who’s music style

rock

Eric Clapton’s music style

Motown

musical style based on R&B sound: four-beat phrase, use of strings and horns, short recurring patterns in guitar and bass

Motown

Gladys Knight and the Pips’ music style

Motown

Marvin Gaye’s music style

Motown

The Supremes’ music style

Motown

The Temptations’ music style

Latin Pop

Ramon “Mongo” Santamaria’s music style

Latin Pop

Ray Barretto’s music style

Ramon “Mongo” Santamaria

conga drum player who had a hit with “Watermelon Man”

Ray Barretto

New York-born musician, bandleader, and conga player of Puerto Rican descent

bossa nova

Joao Gilberto’s music style

bossa nova

Stan Getz’s music style

bossa nova

Charlie Bird’s music style

Mexican pop

Herb Alpert’s music style

guitar heroes

singers who used new technological developments in the 1960s to achieve distortion, overdrive, and other sound-manipulation in their music

Eric Clapton

rock singer with R&B influences and characteristics who had a relationship with the beatles

Jimi Hendrix

electric guitarist whose creative use of feedback and distortion often approached the boundaries of “noise”

psychedelic rock

a hybrid style of folk-rock, blues, “hard rock,” Latin music, and Indian classical music

San Francisco Rock

alternative rock music

psychedelic rock

Jimi Hendrix’s music style

Jefferson Airplane

nationally successful psychedelic rock band from San Francisco, known for its hard-edged rock style and drug imagery; led by singer Grace Slick

San Francisco psychedelic rock/”acid” rock

Jefferson Airplane’s music style

The Grateful Dead

pioneered the transition from urban folk music to folk rock to acid rock

acid rock

The Grateful Dead’s music style

Jerry Garcia

guitarist, banjoist, and singer who founded the Grateful Dead

Janis Joplin

one of the most successful white blues singers of the 1960s who overlapped a lot with psychedelic performers and used a lot of R&B characteristics

The Doors

very controversial rock band of the 1960s, based in LA led by Jim Morrison

rock

The Doors’ music style

blues

Janis Joplin’s music style

urban folk music

electric musical style inspired by rural folk music but often performed by urban intellectuals, sometimes with a political or moral message

The Weavers

popular urban folk band led by Pete Seeger

urban folk music

The Weavers’ music style

folk music

centered around acoustic guitar and made more frequent appearances on pop charts in the later 1950s than urban folk music

folk music

The Kingston Trio’s music style

Bob Dylan

urban folk singer who brought folk music to the rock genre by “going electric” (adopting more rock elements, like electric guitar)