French Revolution - History Honors - 9th Grade

Who was the king of France before the revolution?

King Louis XVI

What type of government did France have before the rev?

Absolute monarchy

4 causes of the French Revolution

Economical issues, enlightenment ideas, class conflicts, and weakness of the monarchy

What was the Estates General?

A vote from each estate

What was the National Assembly?

The 3rd Estate broke away from the government and formed a new system called the National Assembly

What was the Tennis Court Oath?

The 3rd Estate was locked out of their meeting , so they went to a tennis court and swore they wouldn’t leave until they created a new constitution

What happened during the storming of the Bastille?

Guards were killed. prisoners were released, and weapons were stolen - July 14th 1789

What happened during the Great Fear?

Peasants rose up against their land lords - 1789

What was the outcome of the Great Fear

Peasants were freed, all citizens were subject to equal laws gets rid of Feudalism (Catholic church is taken over by French gov’t)

What was the women’s march on Versailles?

Women marched to the palace, broke in, and demanded that the king distribute the palace food hoard, accept the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen, and come with them - 1789

What was the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen?

The human rights document of the French Rev. - established rights for ALL men

What was the Declaration of the Rights of Women?

The women’s rights document of the French Rev. - asserted the equality of women and gave women equal rights- 1791

Which philosophers agreed with this document

Mary Wollstonecraft

Who was the Declaration of the Rights of Women written by?

Olympe de Gouges

Why was the constitution of 1791 important?

It ensured citizen’s rights under the new government and established a constitutional monarchy - 1791

What was the Flight to Varennes?

The king and the royal family tried to flee France to the Netherlands but were caught at the boarder - 1790

What was the Brunswick Manifesto?

Germany threatened to burn France to the ground if the royal family was harmed

Conservatives were…

Royalists, emigres, counterrevolutionaries

Conservatives wanted…

Little change - monarchy

Moderates were…

Girondins

Moderates wanted…

Change - constitutional monarchy

Radicals were…

Jacobins, middle class

Radicals wanted…

Drastic change - republic - punish people

Ultra radicals were…

San culotte

Ultra Radicals wanted…

Drastic change - punish people through execution

In 1792, the National Convention created what type of government?

A republic

What happened to Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette?

They were executed for treason

How were the king and queen executed?

Guillotine

Who lead the Reign of Terror?

Robespierre

Who is mostly killed during the reign of terror?

Peasants

Who was the committee of public safety?

People who secretly investigated and executed those who were against or didn’t agree with Robespierre or the Revolution - Committee to defend France against “enemies”

What was the Conservative Phase also known as?

Thermodian Reaction

What ends the Radical Phase?

Robespierre’s execution

In 1795, the National Convention created a…

New Constitution - bicameral legislature - most power held by middle class

What was the directory?

Government lead by five “directors” with executive power who were elected by parlement

What were the positives of the directory?

Dominated by the middle class, equal rights, equal voting, elements of democracy

What were the negatives of the directory?

Weak, financial mismanagement, political fragmentation

How does Napoleon come to power

Became a military hero, overthrew the directory, slowly gained power

What was the Napoleonic Code

A unified body of laws based on ideal to the French Rev.

What was the outcome of the Battle of Trafalgar?

France us difeated by England

What was the outcome of the Battle of Austerlitz

France defeats Austria and Russia

What was the Treaty of Tilsit

Treaty between Russia and France

What was the Continental System?

Goal to isolate England by stopping trade routes

What happened when Napoleon invaded Russia

His army was destroyed because of the Russians using the scorched earth policy and Napoleon loses 500,000 men

Napoleon is exiled to…

Elba

Napoleon is exiled again to…

St. Helena

What was the Hundred Days

Napoleon escapes Elba and regains power - He goes to war against England and Prussia (who win and Napoleon is exiled again)

What was the Congress of Vienna?

Series of diplomatic meetings to figure out the layout of Europe after Napoleon - Monarchies are restored - Napoleon’s land is divided up

Goals of the Congress of Vienna

Create a balance of power in Europe, France will never be aggressive again, restore monarchies

What happened to France after Napoleon

The Buorbon Restoration - France is rules under a constitutional monarchy by Louis XVII

What was happening in Haiti?

A slave revolt led by Toussaint L’Ouverture - they win - slavery is abolished - independence movement (Haiti gains independence)

What was happening in Latin America?

Spanish colonies started their own independence movement

How did the Congress of Vienna affect Europe?

Nationalism spread in places put under foreign control, inadvertently started revolutions and independence movements, revolts