Life Processes: Transportation and Excretion

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to the transportation and excretion processes in human beings and plants, helping with the understanding of life processes.

Transportation

The movement of substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes within an organism.

Haemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body and carbon dioxide from the body back to the lungs.

Double circulation

A system in mammals and birds where blood passes through the heart twice during each complete circuit through the body.

De-oxygenated blood

Blood that has lost its oxygen content and is rich in carbon dioxide, returning to the heart from the body.

Excretion

The biological process of removing waste materials from an organism's body.

Kidneys

Organs that filter waste products from the blood and produce urine in humans and many animals.

Nephrons

The basic structural and functional units of the kidneys involved in filtering blood and forming urine.

Transpiration

The process by which water vapor is released from the aerial parts of a plant, aiding in nutrient transport.

Lymph

A colorless fluid similar to plasma that carries nutrients and waste products, involved in the immune response.

Phloem

Plant vascular tissue responsible for transporting the products of photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Xylem

Plant vascular tissue responsible for the transport of water and minerals from roots to the rest of the plant.

Systolic pressure

The pressure in the arteries during ventricular contraction, typically around 120 mm Hg.

Diastolic pressure

The pressure in the arteries during ventricular relaxation, typically around 80 mm Hg.