Characteristics of domains and kingdoms

How do archaea live?

Often in harsh conditions as they are extremophiles - e.g temperatures above 122 degrees Celsius, pH 0, salt lakes, atmospheric pressures of 400

What do archaea eat?

Sugars, ammonia, hydrogen, sulfur, heavy metals

What are archaea useful for?

The nitrogen cycle, biogas production, sewage treatment, enzymes for the polymerase chain reaction

What are prokaryotes?

Prokaryotic cells lack a nuclear envelope, membrane bound organelles and the cell wall does not contain cellulose or chitin

What are characteristics of plants?

multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic (as they synthesise their own food), cellulose cell walls

What are characteristics of animals?

Multicellular, eukaryotic, no cell walls, heterotrophic (eats animals or plants instead of making its own food), has nervous coordination

What are characteristics of fungi?

Heterotrophic, eukaryotic, chitin-containing cell walls, most have hyphae (feathery filaments), reproduce by spores

What are characteristics of protoctista?

Mainly unicellular, eukaryotic, no tissue differentiation

Examples of protoctista

Amoeba, euglena, algae, spirogyra

Are prokaryota single celled or multicellular?

Single cellular

Are protoctista single celled or multicellular?

Single or multi (both)

Are plantae single celled or multicellular?

Multicellular

Are fungi single celled or multicellular?

Multicellular or hyphal

Are animalia single celled or multicellular?

Multicellular

Do prokaryota have a nucleus?

No

Do protoctista have a nucleus?

Yes

Do plantae have a nucleus?

Yes

Do fungi have a nucleus?

Do animalia have a nucleus?

Yes

Do prokaryota have mitochondria?

No, although there is a mesosome in some

Do protoctista have mitochondria?

Yes

Do plantae have mitochondria?

Yes

Do fungi have mitochondria?

Yes

Do animalia have mitochondria?

Yes

Do prokaryota have chloroplasts?

They have photosynthetic lamellae in some, none in others

Do protoctista have chloroplasts?

Some

Do plantae have chloroplasts?

Yes

Do fungi have chloroplasts?

No

Do animalia have chloroplasts?

No

What size are the ribosomes in prokaryota?

70s

What size are the ribosomes in protoctista?

80s

What size are the ribosomes in plantae?

80s

What size are the ribosomes in fungi?

80s

What size are the ribosomes in animalia?

80s

Do prokaryota have endoplasmic reticula?

No

Do protoctista have endoplasmic reticula?

Yes

Do plantae have endoplasmic reticula?

Yes

Do fungi have endoplasmic reticula?

Yes

Do animalia have endoplasmic reticula?

Yes

Do prokaryota have a vacuole?

No

Do protoctista have a vacuole?

Some

Do plantae have a vacuole?

Yes - large, central and permanent

Do fungi have a vacuole?

Yes - large, central and permanent

Do animalia have a vacuole?

Yes - small, scattered, temporary

Do prokaryota have a cell wall?

Yes - made from peptidoglycan

Do protoctista have a cell wall?

Some have cellulose cell walls, some do not

Do fungi have a cell wall?

Yes, made from chitin

Do plantae have a cell wall?

Yes, made from cellulose

Do animalia have a cell wall?

No

What nutrition do prokaryota have?

Saprotrophic, parasitic or autotrophic

What nutrition do protoctista have?

Some autotrophic, some heterotrophic

What nutrition do plantae have?

Autotrophic

What nutrition do fungi have?

Saprotrophic or parasitic

What nutrition do animalia have?

Heterotrophic

Do prokaryota have nervous coordination?

No

Do protoctista have nervous coordination?

No

Do plantae have nervous coordination?

No

Do fungi have nervous coordination?

No

Do animalia have nervous coordination?

Yes