Year 9 Latin Vocabulary and Dictionary Skills

Vocabulary and grammar rules from the Year 9 Latin Vocabulary Booklet (Chapters 1-6), covering 275 of 450 total GCSE list words.

Genitive ending: -ae

1st declension

Genitive ending: -i

2nd declension

Genitive ending: -is

3rd declension

First principal part

The 'present tense' form of the verb, normally ending in -o, -eo, or -io.

Second principal part

The 'infinitive' form of the verb, reveals the conjugation: -are (1st), -ere (2nd/3rd), -ire (4th).

Third principal part

Reveals the perfect stem of the verb, used to form perfect and pluperfect tenses.

How to find the noun stem

Finding the stem by removing the genitive ending (e.g., leonis becomes leon-).

How to find the perfect stem of a verb

Remove the -i from the end of the third principal part (e.g., portav- from portavi).

Part of Speech: Adverb

Describes a verb, adjective, or adverb (e.g., quickly, silently).

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Joins clauses, sentences, or words (e.g., and, but, when).

Part of Speech: Preposition

Links a noun to another word; governs a particular case (normally accusative or ablative).

ad (+acc.)

to, towards

ambulo, ambulare, ambulavi

walk

ancilla, ancillae

slave-girl

cibus, cibi

food

circum (+acc.)

around

contra (+acc.)

against

epistula, epistulae

letter

gladius, gladii

sword

hortus, horti

garden

in (+acc.)

into, onto

in (+abl.)

in, on

insula, insulae

island; block of flats

nuntius, nuntii

messenger

pecunia, pecuniae

money

per (+acc.)

through, along

sum, esse, fui

I am

a/ab (+abl.)

from, away from

arma, armorum

weapons

bellum, belli

war

cum (+abl.)

with

de (+abl.)

about, from, down from

do, dare, dedi

give

duco, ducere, duxi

lead, take

e/ex (+abl.)

from, out of, out

iubeo, iubere, iussi

order

lego, legere, legi

read; choose

mitto, mittere, misi

send

punio, punire, punivi

punish

traho, trahere, traxi

drag

venio, venire, veni

come

ascedo, ascendere, ascendi

climb

bonus, bona, bonum

good

debeo, debere, debui

owe; ought, should, must (+ inf.)

possum, posse, potui

can, am able

statim

at once, immediately

tandem

at last, finally

capio, capere, cepi

take, catch, capture

iter, itineris

journey

mare, maris

sea

nomen, nominis

name

nox, noctis

night

peto, petere, petivi

seek, beg/ask for, make for

urbs, urbis

city, town

credo, credere, credidi

believe, trust (+dat.)

ferox, ferocis

fierce, ferocious

ingens, ingentis

huge

is, ea, id

he, she, it, pl they

se, sui

himself, herself, itself, themselves (refl)

suus, sua, suum

his, her, its, their own (refl)

absum, abesse, afui

be absent, away, distant (from)

hostis, hostis

enemy

intellego, intellegere, intellexi

understand, realise

interficio, interficere, interfeci

kill

pereo, perire, perii

die, perish

persuadeo, persuadere, persuasi

persuade (+dat.)

unus

$$1$$

duo

$$2$$

tres

$$3$$

quattuor

$$4$$

quinque

$$5$$

decem

$$10$$

centum

$$100$$

mille

$$1000$$