Comms Final PLNU

Types of Nonverbal Communication: Proxemics

Spacial Communication (high/low context cultures)

Types of Nonverbal Communication: Paralinguistics

Tone, Volume, Pitch

Types of Nonverbal Communication: Chronemics

Use of time

Types of Nonverbal Communication: Physical Appearance

How you dress/present yourself

Types of Nonverbal Communication: Haptics

Study of touch

Types of Nonverbal Communication: Oculesics

Study of eye movements

The Halo Effect

Attractive people often get unwanted credit for high intelligence and better job performance.

Proxemic Categories (close to far)

Intimate (18in), Personal (4ft), Social (12ft), Public (25ft)

Intrapersonal Communication

he internal dialogue, self-talk, and cognitive processing that occurs within an individual's mind, acting as a "voice-over" to life

Forms of Self Talk

Journaling, Daydreaming, Inner Dialogue, Thinking Aloud, Imagining Conversations

Antidotes to negative self-talk

Recognize your self putdowns, compliment yourself, compliment others, replace negative with positives

Cognitive dissonance

Imbalance between your actions and values, attitudes, and beliefs

Usually creates a guilt conscience

Listening Process - HURIER: H

Hearing - A physical, passive action

Listening Process - HURIER: U

Understanding - Placing meaning to the sounds that were heard

Listening Process - HURIER: 1st R

Remembering - Finding a way to store info in your brain (ex. stories, connections, acronyms)

Listening Process - HURIER: I

Interpreting - Consider verbal and nonverbal meaning

Listening Process - HURIER: E

Evaluating - Assess the value of the message in context

Listening Process - HURIER: 2nd R

Responding - Can be verbal or nonverbal

Purpose of feedback

to ensure the message was understood as intended, turning one-way communication into a two-way process

Types of speeches by speaking style

Scripted, Memorized, Extemporaneous, and Impromptu

Three p's of avoiding speech anxiety

Purpose -> Care about your content

Preparation -> Create outlines and visual aids

Practice -> In front of a buddy, mirror, or camera

Characteristics of a good speech

Conversational tone

Eye contact and scanning

Comfortable pace

Consistent projection and clarity of voice

Use of appropriate gestures

No distracting phrases or movements

Ethical speech writing

Not plagiarizing speeches, as well as citing every source we use

Audience analysis

Situation, Demographics, and Attitudes/Beliefs

Code switching

Changing the way you speak/appear to match your audience/context

Types of good hooks

Stories, Relevant Humor, Illustrations, Rhetorical Questions, Action Questions, Dramatic Devices, Relevant Quotations

Types of supporting material

Stories, Exposition, Statistics, Analogies, Research Conclusions (Cite), Testimonials

What makes a reliable source

Recent, Relevant, Reliable

Basic speech parts

Intro (Hook, Thesis [Preview], Credibility Statement), Body (Main Points and Examples), Conclusion (Review Main Points and Final Thoughts)

Informative speech

Way of disseminating, managing, and dealing with information.

Informative Speech Types

Descriptive (all about), Explanatory (causes of), Exploratory (collab and findings), and Demonstrative (how to)

Distracting Mannerisms

bodily movements that allow a speaker to discharge nervous energy, serve no relevant purpose in the presentation, and often divert attention from the message

Attraction Types: Physical

Drawn to how someone looks

Attraction Types: Social

Based on actions and personality

Attraction Types: Task

Desire to work with someone (group project)

Attraction Types: Sexual

Desire to engage in sexual acts

Attraction Types: Fatal

Attracted to a specific quality (reason for breaking up)

Model of Interaction Stages

Social exchange theory

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

Turning points

perception of events that transform the relationship

Why we form relationships

Proximity and Attraction

3 types of defensive communication

Attacking the critic, distorting critical info, avoiding critical info

Interpersonal Communication

communication between people in the context of a relationship (usually 2-3)

Self Disclosure

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Social Penetration Theory

theory that proposes relationships develop through increases in self-disclosure (both depth and breadth)

Empathy vs sympathy

In empathy, we understand the feelings of others.

In sympathy, we feel the feelings of others.

What is empathy and how can we use it?

Empathy is feeling with someone, experiencing emotions with them to understand their perspective.

Persuasive Speech

A presentation intended to influence the opinion or behavior of an audience

Micro-Changes

asking an audience to adopt and make small changes in behavior instead of one or more large behavioral changes

Moral reframing

A technique in which a position an individual would not normally support is framed in a way that is consistent with that individual's moral values

Rhetorical appeals

ethos (credibility), pathos (emotion), logos (logic)

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, and Action

The science of persuasion- 6 shortcuts

reciprocity, scarcity, authority, consistency, liking, consensus

Before interview steps

1. research on company/interviewer

2. Prepare for questions/tests

3. Prepare resume and cover letter

4.Be early (5-7 mins)

During interview

1. Practice engaging and professional nonverbal (eye contact, posture, nodding, smiling, and avoiding fidgeting)

2. Turn off cell phone

3. Take notes with a professional pen/pad

4. Thank interviewer for time and consideration

STAR method

Situation, Task, Action, and Result

STAR Method: Situation

Explain the context (1-3 sentences)

STAR Method: Task

What was your responsibility (1 sentence)

STAR Method: Action

What did you do? (50% of your answer)

STAR Method: Result

Positive outcomes and what did you learn (1-2 sentences)

Questions to ask at end of interview

Company Specific, Role Specific, and Wrap up's

Illegal questions

Any inappropriate topics, includes mostly about personal life (marriage, age, religion, etc.)

Communication

A process in which feelings and ideas are expressed as verbal and/or nonverbal messages sent, received, and comprehended

Characteristics of Communication

Dynamic, Continuous, Irreversible, Interactive, Contextual, Accidental, Expressive, Rhetorical

Perception Influencers

Culture, Experiences, Atitudes, Memory, Expectations, Physical/Emotional State, Communication Skills

Communication Model: Transmission

Communication Model: Interaction

Types of Communication Noise

Environmental: External Noise (ex. construction)

Physiological - impairment: Inability to hear (deafness)

Psychological: Internal Noise (ex. monologue, hunger cues)

Semantic: misunderstandings (ex. language, sarcasm)

Communication Context

When and where the communication takes place including the audience (ex. size of room, demographics of audience, etc.)

Culture

Any groups/labels that contribute to your identity: Race/Ethnicity, Sex/Gender, Sexual Orientation, Religion, Generation, Socioeconomic Status, Disabilities

Filler Words

Unnecessary words or phrases that create pauses and disrupt the flow in a speech.

Nonverbal Communication

The non-word message. (ex. body language, eye contact, gestures, tone, posture, etc.)

EVT (Expectation Violation Theory)

Analyzes how individuals respond to unexpected violations of social norms, such as personal space, nonverbal behavior, or communication styles

Types of Nonverbal Communication: Kinesics

Body Movement

Types of Nonverbal Communication: Gestures

Movements of hands and arms

Types of Nonverbal Communication: Affect Displays

Gestures/Posture/Facial Expressions that show emotion

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