Scotland and the north of England

Where was the situation far different in?

The far north of England

Why did the possibility of border conflict remain?

If Scotland remained as a separate and independent state

What problems happened on the borders?

• Lawless subculture

• Casual violence

• Rustling of sheep and cattle

What did this create problems for?

The authorities in both countries

Where did administrative responsibility lay on the English side of the border?

The wardens of the 3 border marches

Where had wardens traditionally been appointed from?

The families of the great northern magnates such as the Percies and the Dacres

How did H8 signal a move away from this policy?

By appointing southerners

What was the problem with this approach?

Difficult for nobles without a local landed base to control either the northern landed families or the border clans