animals practice test

Characteristics of animals

Heterotrophs, multicellular, eukaryotic, move in search of food, most reproduce sexually

Body symmetry

Body can be divided into two halves with matching shapes

Bilateral symmetry

Body divided down length into two equal halves

Radial symmetry

Body divided along central axis into equal halves

Asymmetry

No symmetry

Invertebrates

Animals without a backbone

Vertebrates

Animals with a backbone

Porifera common name

Pore-bearing

Cnidaria common name

Stinging cells

Platyhelminthes common name

Flatworms

Nematoda common name

Roundworms

Annelida common name

Segmented worms

Mollusca common name

Soft-bodied

Echinodermata common name

Spiny skin

Arthropoda common name

Jointed legs

Porifera examples

Sponges

Cnidaria examples

Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemones, coral

Platyhelminthes examples

Planaria, tapeworm, fluke

Flukes cause

Schistosomiasis

Nematoda examples

Hookworm, trichina worms, filarial worms

Filarial worms cause

Elephantiasis

Annelida examples

Earthworms, leeches

Mollusca examples

Squid, oyster, snail, octopus, clams

Echinodermata examples

Starfish, sand dollars, sea urchins

Arthropoda examples

Insects, crustaceans, arachnids

Porifera symmetry

Asymmetry

Cnidaria symmetry

Radial symmetry

Platyhelminthes symmetry

Bilateral symmetry

Nematoda symmetry

Bilateral symmetry

Annelida symmetry

Bilateral symmetry

Mollusca symmetry

Bilateral symmetry

Echinodermata symmetry

Radial symmetry

Arthropoda symmetry

Bilateral symmetry

Sessile

Organism that does not move

Porifera movement

Adults are sessile

Cnidaria movement

Free floating or attached to rocks

Planaria movement

Use cilia

Platyhelminthes movement

Hooks and suckers

Nematoda movement

Whip-like muscle movement

Annelida movement

Muscles and setae

Setae

Bristle-like hairs

Mollusca movement

Muscular foot

Echinodermata movement

Water vascular system and tube feet

Water vascular system

Tube-filled canals

Tube feet function

Extend and contract to move

Arthropoda movement

Flying, hopping, crawling

Porifera reproduction

Sexual and asexual (regeneration)

Cnidaria reproduction

Sexual and asexual (budding)

Platyhelminthes reproduction

Sexual (hermaphrodite) and asexual

Hermaphrodite

Has both male and female parts

Nematoda reproduction

Sexual (separate genders)

Annelida reproduction

Sexual (hermaphrodite)

Mollusca reproduction

Sexual (separate genders or hermaphrodite)

Echinodermata reproduction

Sexual and asexual (regeneration)

Arthropoda reproduction

Sexual (separate genders)

Filter feeding

Cells use flagella to move water and capture food

Porifera feeding

Filter feeding

Cnidaria feeding

Tentacles with stinging cells

Platyhelminthes feeding

Digestive cavity or parasitic absorption

Nematoda digestion

Two openings

Annelida digestion

Two openings

Mollusca feeding

Radula scrapes food

Echinodermata digestion

Usually two openings (brittle stars have one)

Arthropoda digestion

Two digestive tracts

Closed circulatory system

Blood enclosed in vessels

Open circulatory system

Blood not fully enclosed in vessels

Annelida system

Closed circulatory system and coelom

Mollusca system

Open system, mantle, coelom

Echinodermata system

Open system, endoskeleton, skin gills, coelom

Arthropoda system

Open system, exoskeleton, jointed legs, coelom

Embryo development order

Zygote, cleavage, morula, blastula, gastrula

Zygote

Fertilized egg

Cleavage

Rapid cell division

Morula

Ball of cells

Blastula

Hollow ball of cells

Gastrula

Forms three germ layers

Differentiation

Cells become specialized

Gene expression

Genes turned on determine cell function

Ectoderm

Forms skin and nervous system

Mesoderm

Forms muscles and skeleton

Endoderm

Forms digestive and respiratory systems

Stem cells

Unspecialized cells

Stem cell therapy

Uses stem cells to treat disease

Metamorphosis

Body changes controlled by chemicals

Complete metamorphosis

Egg, larva, pupa, adult

Incomplete metamorphosis

Egg, nymph, adult

Chordata characteristics

Dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

Becomes spinal cord

Notochord

Becomes backbone

Vertebrate characteristics

Spine, brain, internal skeleton, coelom, heart, lungs/gills

Endotherm

Regulates body temperature internally

Ectotherm

Body temperature depends on environment

Ammonia

Most toxic nitrogen waste

Urea

Diluted waste in urine

Uric acid

Least toxic, solid waste

External fertilization

Eggs fertilized outside body

Internal fertilization

Eggs fertilized inside body

Chorion

Encloses embryo

Amnion

Cushions embryo

Yolk sac

Food source