US Hist II Final Exam

Hussein-McMahon Correspondence

Britain promised Arabs independence for fighting the Ottomans

Balfour Declaration

Britain promised Jews a homeland in Palestine

Sykes-Picot Agreement

Britain and France secretly split up the Middle East

Creation of Israel

Israel became a state in 1948; Arab-Israeli conflict begins

Six-Day War (1967)

Israel defeated 3 Arab nations in 6 days

Yom Kippur War (1973)

Surprise Arab attack on Israel; US backed Israel

CCP

Mao Zedong's Communist Party; won Chinese Civil War

KMT (Kuomintang)

Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalists; lost and fled to Taiwan

Mao Zedong

Communist leader who took control of China

Chiang Kai-shek

Nationalist leader defeated by Mao; ruled Taiwan

Korean War

Communist North invaded South; ended in stalemate

General MacArthur

Wanted to bomb China; Truman fired him

Domino Theory

One country falls to communism, neighbors follow

Election of 1960

Kennedy beat Nixon with better TV debate performance

Bay of Pigs

Failed US-backed invasion to overthrow Castro

Cuban Missile Crisis

1962 nuclear standoff over Soviet missiles in Cuba

Peace Corps

Kennedy program sending volunteers to developing countries

Warren Commission

Concluded Oswald alone killed Kennedy

Great Society

LBJ's program: Medicare, Medicaid, War on Poverty

Medicare

Federal health insurance for people 65+

Medicaid

Federal health coverage for low-income Americans

Warren Court

Earl Warren's court; expanded civil rights

Brown v. Board of Education

Ruled school segregation unconstitutional

Miranda v. Arizona

Police must inform suspects of their rights

Cold War

US vs. USSR; capitalism vs. communism; no direct war

Surrogate Wars

US and USSR backed opposite sides in other countries' conflicts

Berlin Wall

Built to stop East Germans from fleeing to the West

1960s Counter Culture

Youth movement rejecting traditional values; anti-war

Battle of Dien Bien Phu

Vietnam defeated France; ended French colonial rule

Ho Chi Minh

Communist leader of North Vietnam

Tet Offensive

1968 surprise attack; turned Americans against the war

Agent Orange

Toxic US chemical weapon used in Vietnam

Napalm

Flammable US weapon used in Vietnam

Kent State

National Guard killed 4 student protesters in 1970

My Lai Massacre

US soldiers killed hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese civilians

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

Gave LBJ power to escalate Vietnam War

Ho Chi Minh Trail

North Vietnamese supply route; Nixon secretly bombed it

Martin Luther King Jr.

Civil rights leader; assassinated in Memphis 1968

Robert F. Kennedy

Democratic presidential frontrunner; assassinated in 1968

Watergate

Nixon covered up a break-in; resigned to avoid impeachment

Deep Throat

Secret FBI source who exposed Watergate

Nixon Opens China

Nixon normalized US relations with Communist China

Camp David Accords

Carter brokered Egypt-Israel peace deal

Iran Hostage Crisis

52 Americans held hostage 444 days; Carter's biggest failure

Trickle Down Economics

Reagan's tax cuts for the wealthy to boost the economy

Iran-Contra Affair

Reagan secretly funded rebels using illegal weapons sales

Glasnost

Gorbachev's Soviet policy of political openness

Perestroika

Gorbachev's Soviet economic restructuring policy

Sandra Day O'Connor

First woman on the Supreme Court; appointed by Reagan

NAFTA

Clinton's US-Canada-Mexico free trade agreement

Janet Reno

First female US Attorney General; appointed by Clinton

Clinton Impeachment

Impeached over Lewinsky scandal; acquitted by Senate

9/11 Attacks

2001 terrorist attacks on US; hijackers mostly Saudi nationals