Animal production systems and Economy

System

A regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming a unified whole

Production System

Manufacturing subsystem that includes all functions required to design, produce, distribute, and service a manufactured

product.

Animal Production System

The technologies, methods, and fields involved in raising animals and producing animal products for consumption. This includes aspects like nutrition, reproduction, genetics, economics, marketing, and the environment. It also encompasses the financial arrangements required to successfully operate each enterprise, considering market conditions for selling the final products.

Top 3 states for Beef Cattle

1.Texas

2.Nebraska/Kansas

3. Colorado

Top 3 States for Dairy Cattle

1. California

2. Wisconsin

3. Idaho

Top 3 States for Egg production

1. Iowa

2. Ohio

3. Indiana

Top 3 States for Meat Poultry

1. Georgia

2. Alabama

3. Arkansas

Top 3 States for Swine

1. Iowa

2. Minnesota

3. North Carolina

Top 3 States for Meat Goats

1. Texas

2. Tennessee

3. California

Top 3 States for Dairy Goats

1. Wisconsin

2. California

3. Texas

Top 3 States for Lamb

1. Texas

2. California

3. Colorado

Extrinsic (external to the animal) factors that influence animal production

Food production, geography, environmental conditions

natural resources, human Resources, economical resources, society need and demands

Intrinsic (internal to the animal) factors that influence animal production

Species, breed and type of the animal, physiological needs, feeds, facilities, environmental needs of the animal, T°, Humidity, Light

What makes up the animal production system

Labor Workforce, Marketing Economic Factors, Society & Cultural Demands, Region Soil (Topography), Biomass Vegetation, Weather, Temp, Humidity, Amt of Water, Wild Aniamls, how domestic species are produced, Food processors

How should cattle be fed to protect intensive system

Antibiotic Free and Hormone Free

How should cattle be fed to protect extensive system

Grass Fed and Corn Fed

Extensive: low input -

low to moderate output

All animal production

adapted to the existing

environment

• Low productivity

• Modest to considerable

human activity

• Low economic input

• Low to moderate nutritional

levels

• Animal products available

only during certain seasons

Intensive: "High input -high output farming."

Environment modified to suit

highly specialized genotypes

and production systems

• Productivity emphasized

• High nutrition levels

• High automation

• Seasonal or total confinement

• Feed grown specifically for

livestock diets

• Disease prevention

emphasized

• Animal products available

throughout the year

What is an organic product

Foods featuring the USDA organic seal are:

• Grown and processed following a set of regulations (National

Organic Program) which include using only approved pest-

control methods

• Substances nor allowed include synthetic fertilizers,

genetically modified organisms, antibiotics, synthetic growth

hormones, and artificial preservatives, flavors, or colors

• Certified farms are regularly inspected for compliance.

Economics

Study of how the resources (land, money, human, biological, etc) are used to produce, distribute and satisfy the needs of products.

Microeconomics

Study of specific economic units that make up an economic sector. Examples: Farms, beef cattle

production economics, poultry farm production

Macroeconomics

Study the economy of a whole sector.

Example: Agriculture sector of a country

Input

Labor, Water, Land, Feed, Money, Equipment, Facilities, Management, Chemicals

Animal Production System (farm)

Species, Breed, Number of animals, Physiological need(s), Type of production,Location

Output

Animal products, Edible, Non edible, Waste products, Manure, Gasses, Water

Employment, Public perception, Re-utilization of resources, Chemical residues

Supply

Total amount of a specific good (service) that is available to consumers

Demand

A quantity of a good (service) that consumers will purchase

Price/cost

the amount of money that has to be paid to acquire a good (Service)

Competition

When many sellers produce the goods and services that buyers are seeking.

• Agricultural products of a given type are similar in appearance and quality (Regulated by the USDA,

Food quality, Nutrition)

Demand Curve

Relation between price and quantity bought

Example: More quantity of available product usually associated with

lower prices

Supply Curve

relation between market prices and the amounts of the good that producers are willing to supply

Example: If higher prices for a product producers will supply with more product

Equilibrium Point

The amount supplied match the amount demanded

Equilibrium Point

The amount supplied match the amount demanded

Cost of Production

are expenses incurred in organizing and carrying out the production process

Profit

total revenue – total cost

Total cost of production

The projected total cost of production is the sum of variable and fixed costs

Variable Costs

Costs of inputs that are used up during one production period. These costs vary with changes in the

number of head, acres or other units produced in the enterprise

Revenue $

The return($) generated from the sales of a product during

a particular period

Fixed Costs

Costs that is not varied during

the production period, costs those that do

not change with the level of production

• Land taxes

• Insurance

• Building depreciation

• Machinery and equipment

Break Even

Total revenue generated is equivalent to

the total cash expenditure incurred

Price stabability

means the price change is relatively small from one period to next with some predictability (Forecast)

Volatility

a natural feature of agricultural commodities

• Seasonality, droughts, etc

• Demand and supply

• Consumer preferences

How the prices of animal products are regulated?

Many factors influencing the food supply chain can affect retail food prices, such as global trade issues, pandemics, animal and plant disease outbreaks, and war. Federal agencies don't control food prices but may indirectly affect

them.

MPR

mandatroy price reporting

CCC

Commodity Credit Corporation

CCC Charter Act

a Government-owned and operated entity that was created to stabilize, support, and protect farm income and prices

authorizes the sale of agricultural commodities to other government agencies and to foreign

governments and the donation of food to domestic, foreign, or international relief agencies.

Dairy Cattle (Heifer)

0-60 days Infant

60-270 development growth

270-360 days puberty

Conception 360-450 days(12-15 months)

Pregnancy 450-750 days

22-25 months first calving/lactation

Dairy Cattle (mature)

9 month pregnancy

Voluntary Wait Period 45-70 days

Conception

Pregnacy (2 months before birthing dry period)

Beef Cattle Heifer

0-180 days developing/weaning

6months-14 months growing

14-16 months conception

9 month pregnancy

Beef Cattle(mature cows)

0-60 Calving

60-70 days conception

pregnancy 9months +weaning other cow until 6 months old

Beef Cattle(Males)

0-6 months infant/weaning

6months-1 yr stocker/development

yearling-24 months feed lot/finishing

Swine

Nursing/Development(10-15lbs or 21-28 days)

Nursery/Feeding 40-60lbs 63 days(8-9 weeks)

Finishing156-164 days 5-6 months

Poultry(broilers)

4-6lbs at 8 weeks

Poultry(Laying Pens)

Raising 0-17 weeks

18-22 weeks (10% egg production)

30-32 weeks (90% egg production)

60-70 weeks(50% egg production)

Wether

0-4 months lambing

4-6 months weaning 60-110lbs

6months to a year feedlot/finishing 130-140lbs

Ewe (mature)

145-150 day pregnancy

0-4 months lambing/weaning(spring summer) lactation begins

Fall conception

Pregnancy