Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Renal Diagnostics

This flashcard set covers the diagnostics, symptoms, risk factors, and medical/surgical treatments for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) as described in the lecture notes.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland resulting from hypertrophy of the cells (increase in the number of cells, NOT growth in the size of the cells).

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

A diagnostic test used in BPH to rule out cancer (R/O CA).

Kidney, ureter, and bladder x-rays (KUB)

A diagnostic imaging tool used to visualize the renal system.

Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)

A diagnostic procedure requiring bowel preparation, allergy information assessment, and fluids.

Obstructive Symptoms of BPH

Clinical manifestations including hesitancy, weak stream, straining to void, incomplete bladder emptying, prolonged urination, and acute or recurrent urinary retention.

Irritative Symptoms of BPH

Clinical manifestations including urgency, frequency, nocturia, and urge incontinence.

BPH Prevalence

An estimated $25\%$ of males $> 50$ years old have symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

BPH Genetic Risk

1st degree relatives of patients with early onset BPH have $4 \times$ the risk for development of the condition.

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockers

Medications such as tamsulosin (Flomax) and doxazosin (Cardura) that relax smooth muscle of the bladder neck and prostatic urethra.

Hormonal Agents (Mechanism of Action)

Inhibits conversion of testosterone, resulting in a decrease in gland size and improvement of symptoms; requires 6 months of therapy for maximal effects.

Hormonal Agent Side Effects

Includes decreased libido, decreased volume of ejaculate, impotence, postural hypotension, and a reduction in serum PSA by $50\%$.

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

A surgical treatment option for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Transurethral needle ablation of the prostate (TUNA)

A minimally invasive surgical treatment for BPH.

Hydronephrosis

An upper urinary tract obstruction that can occur as a complication of BPH.

3-WAY Foley

A triple lumen catheter used for bladder irrigation, consisting of a drainage bag, a port to inflate the balloon, and an irrigation port.