CC American History - Chapter 22: Fighting for the Four Freedoms

Wendell Wilkie

“One World”

A. Philip Randolph

Executive Order 8802

Francisco Franco

Spanish Civil War

Gunnar Myrdal

“An American Dilemma”

Winston Churchill

Britain’s prime minister

Henry Luce

“The American Century”

Joseph Stalin

Soviet leader

Normal Rockwell

American painter

Friedrich Hayek

“The Road to Serfdom”

Harry Truman

ordered the use of atomic bombs

Charles H. Wesley

“What the Negro Wants”

Adolf Hitler

German leader

“code talkers”

Navajos

Dumbarton Oaks

United Nations

Good Neighbor Policy

Latin America

Freedom House

interventionists

Office of War Information

mobilized American public opinion

black internationalism

opposed to colonialism

GI Bill

education for veterans

Yalta Conference

Big Three meeting

Nye Committee

blamed businesspeople for World War I involvement

bracero program

Mexican agricultural workers

“zoot suit” riots

Mexican-American youths

Smith v. Allwright

civil rights case

FDR’s Four Freedoms include all of the following EXCEPT:

freedom of enterprise.

The Four Freedoms:

were President Roosevelt’s statement of the Allied war aims.

The Four Freedoms Show toured the country to persuade Americans to:

buy war bonds.

The Good Neighbor Policy was directed at:

Latin America.

During the 1930s, the Good Neighbor Policy:

was a foreign policy based on the recognition of the autonomy of Latin American countries.

Who is considered the father of fascism?

Benito Mussolini.

After a bitter civil war, Francisco Franco established in 1939 a fascist government in:

Spain.

France and Britain’s policy toward Germany of giving concessions in hopes of avoiding a war was called:

appeasement.

As fascism rose in Europe and Asia during the 1930s, most Americans:

supported U.S. neutrality.

Many Americans were convinced by ___________ that a policy of isolationism was necessary.

Senator Gerald Nye’s report

In 1940, the “cash and carry” plan:

allowed Great Britain to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis.

Man like Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and Father Coughlin were members of the:

America Firs committee, an isolationist group.

In 1940, Franklin Roosevelt:

won an unprecedented third term as president.

The Lend-Lease Act:

authorized military aid to those fighting against Germany and Japan.

Freedom House was an organization that:

demanded American intervention in the European war.

December 7, 1941, is known as a “date that will live in infamy,” referring to:

the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

After the United States entered World War II:

Americans experienced a series of military losses.

“D-Day” refers to:

Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy.

The Holocaust:

was the mass extermination of millions of Jews and others in Nazi death camps.

What was the “final solution”?

Adolf Hitler’s plan to mass-exterminate “undesirable” peoples.

In the United States during World War II:

unemployment declined, production soared, and income taxes increased.

Which area of the United States witnessed the greatest growth during the war?

West Coast.

Organized labor assisted in the war effort by:

agreeing to a no-strike pledge.

The Office of War Information:

used radio, film, and press to give the war an ideological meaning.

During the war, Americans:

experienced the rationing of scarce consumer goods such as gasoline.

“Rosie the Riveter”:

refers to Normal Rockwell’s image of a female industry laborer.

Women working in defense industries during the war:

made up one-third of the West Coast workers in aircraft manufacturing and ship building.

For most women workers, World War II:

allowed them to make temporary gains.

Hetry Luce’s “The American Century”:

hailed “free economic enterprise.”

What does Henry Luce see as the cure for America in his book “The American Century”?

For America to exert its influence on the world.

What did Henry Luce and Henry Wallace have in common?

They both put forth a new conception of America’s role in the world based in part on internationalism and on the idea that the American experience should serve as a model for all other nations.

The National Resources Planning Board:

urged the expansion of the welfare state.

The GI Bill of Rights:

included scholarships for education for veterans.

The Economic Bill of Rights was:

not passed by Congress.

Which work offered an intellectual justification for opponents of active government, laying the foundation for the rise of modern conservatism?

Friedrich Hayek’s “The Road to Serfdom".

The program that began in 1942 that allowed experienced Mexican agricultural workers to cross the border to work under government labor contracts was called the:

bracero program

Under the “bracero” program:

Mexicans were encouraged to immigrate, but they were denied the right of citizenship.

The “zoot suit” riots of 1943:

highlighted the limits of racial tolerance during World War II.

The 1943 Texas Caucasian Race-Equal Privileges resolution:

allowed Mexicans equal treatment in public accommodations, while still segregating blacks.

Which group issued its own declaration of war against the Axis powers?

The Iroquois.

During World War II, American Indians:

served in the military and worked in war production.

Government propaganda and war films portrayed the Japanese as:

bestial and subhuman.

Executive Order 9066:

authorized the internment of Japanese-Americans.

Which statement about the Japanese-American internment is FALSE?

Once their loyalty was proven, they were free to leave.

In Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court:

upheld the legality of Japanese internment.

During World War II, African-Americans:

witnessed the birth of the modern civil rights movement.

The Fair Employment Practices Commission:

was the first federal agency since Reconstruction to advocate equal opportunity for blacks.

A. Philip Randolph:

pressured FDR into issuing Executive Order 8802.

The double-V campaign was:

the effort to end discrimination against blacks while fighting fascism.

According to Gunnar Myrdal, America’s dilemma was a conflict between:

American values and American racial policies.

Black internationalism during World War II:

connected the plight of black Americans to that of people of color worldwide.

The dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki:

remains controversial in the United States and the world.

At Yalta the Big Three met for a summit. It was here that they finally agreed:

that the Soviet Union would enter the Pacific war.

At the Yalta conference in 1945:

wartime American-Soviet cooperation was at its peak.

The 1944 conference at Dumbarton Oaks established the:

United Nations.

World War II:

produced a radical redistribution of world power.

The Atlantic Charter:

endorsed the freedoms from want and fear.

(T/F) The Good Neighbor Policy was extended primarily toward Canada to lend support in its efforts to aid Britain against German aggression.

False

(T/F) When war broke out in Europe in 1939, the Soviet Union stood virtually alone in fighting Germany.

False

(T/F) The Freedom House was a place of refuge for Jews that had escaped the Holocaust

False

(T/F) The largest surrender in American military history occurred in the Philippines, after the Japanese took the island over.

True

(T/F) After the opening up a second front with the success of the Normandy invasion on D-Day, British and American troops inflicted devastating damage upon the Germans, resulting in over 80 percent of German casualties.

False

(T/F) The only people killed during the German Holocaust were the Jewish people.

False

(T/F) After the war, the South remained very poor, relying on agriculture and extractive industries as its main economies.

True

(T/F) Organized labor entered a three-sided arrangement with government and business that allowed union membership to soar to unprecedented levels.

True

(T/F) To Roosevelt, the Four Freedoms expressed deeply help American values worthy of being spread worldwide.

True

(T/F) Women working in defense-industry jobs made great strides in achieving equal rights, culminating in the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, granting women’s suffrage.

False

(T/F) After the war, most of the women who had held defense jobs and wished to keep them were allowed to by their employers.

False

(T/F) Henry Luce, author of “The American Century”, saw a leadership role for the United States in the postwar world.

True

(T/F) Since the enemy (German and Japan) used racism, racism, and nativism had been stripped of intellectual respectability in America, particularly with the publication of Ruth Benedict’s “Races and Racism”.

True

(T/F) During World War II, the Boarder Patrol deported as many Mexicans as had crossed over during the bracero program.

True

(T/F) The “zoot suit” riots were between the police of Detroit and the black workers of the city.

False

(T/F) Texas passed the Caucasian Race-Equal Privledges resolution in 1943 in a goodwill effort to help Mexican-Americans.

True

(T/F) The war experience brought many more Native Americans closer to the mainstream of American life.

True

(T/F) Japanese propaganda depicted Americans as self-indulgent people contaminated by ethnic and racial diversity, as opposed to the racially “pure” Japanese.

True

(T/F) The majority of Japanese-Americans who were interned during the war were not actually citizens of the United States.

False