diversity of life 2 lab quiz 9

Cephalochordata (subphylum)

-lancelets (amphioxus)

-persistent notochord

-pelagic larvae

-sessile adults (buried in sand)

-cilia and cirri for feeding

general fish traits

-aquatic vertebrates

-gills

-limbs modified as fins

Agnatha (super class)

-jawless fish

-very primitive fish like vertebrates

-jaws absent

-paired fins absent

-7+ paired gill slits

-sucking mouthparts

-secrete anticoagulent

-pineal gland (light sensitivity & hormone secretion)

-skin, not scales

lampreys

-Agnatha

-sucking mouthparts

-ectoparasite usually

-tidal ventilation

-undulating motion to swim

-cartilagous skeleton

-no jaws

-pineal gland directs circadian rhythm

Gnathostomata (infraphylum)

-jawed fish

-paired appendages

-semicircular canal of inner ear

-myelin sheaths of neurons

Chondrichthyes (class)

-cartilaginous fish

-jaws

-cartilage skeleton

-pectoral and pelvic paired fins

-scaled

sharks

-Chondrichthyes (class)

-ex: dogfish

-heterocercal tail: can't move in tail-first direction

-no swim bladder-> use oily liver

-placoid scales (bony denticles)

-unidirectional (ram) ventilation

-conveyer belt teeth

-protrusible jaw

Osteichthyes (superclass)

-bony fish

-operculum (gill covering)

-lung modified as swim bladder

-smooth scales

-ray finned and lobe finned division

Actinopterygii (class)

-Osteichthyes superclass

-ray finned fish

-fin spines

-protection of upper jaw

-physoclistic swim bladder: blood supplies gas for buoyancy

Teleostei (infraclass)

-Osteichthyes superclass, Actinopterygii class

-moveable maxilla and premaxilla

-homocercal caudal fin

Pumpkinseed sunfish

-Teleostei infraclass, Actinopterygii class, Osteichthyes superclass

-spines for defense

-operculum: breathe while stationary

-protrusible jaw: expedites feeding

-homocercal tail: efficient movement

Fish scales

-placoid scales: cartilaginous fish, add scales with growth

-ganoid scales: sturgeons, gars, bowfish; diamond shaped

-cycloid & ctenoid scales: teleost, smooth outer edge & toothed posterior edge

Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)

-Actinoptyergii class

-no teeth

-heterocercal tail

-long flattened snout

-barbels under mouth: bottom feeder

Longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus)

-Actinoptyergii class

-physostomous swim bladder (primitive lung)

-tough & sharpp scales

-long jaw with needle like teeth

Bowfin (Amia calva)

-Actinoptyergii class

-long dorsal fin (rarely use tail fin)

-eyespot on tail

-shallow water for physostomous swim bladder

American gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum)

-Clupeomorpha superorder

-primitive teleosts

-physostomous swim bladder

-sharp scales on underside (sawbellies)

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

-Ostariophysi superorder

-more advanced teleosts

-alarm pheremone

-sediment scavengers: reduce competition with other fish & limit plant growth

Central stoneroller (Campostoma anomalum)

-Ostariophysi superorder

-'minnow' (invalid taxonomy)

-cartilaginous ridge on lower jaw: scrape algae off for food

White sucker (Catostomus commersoni)

-Ostariophysi superorder

-complete lateral line (sense organ)

-small cylindrical scales

-nose doesn't overhang

-flat lips & larger mouth

Brown bullhead catfish (Ameiurus nebulosus)

-Ostariophysi superorder

-barbels near mouth

-brown/yellow body

-no scales

-taste buds, olfactory sensors, lateral line, electroreception

Channel catfish

-Ostariophysi superorder

-only NY catfish with spots

-forked tail

Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

-Protacanthopterygii superorder

-light spots

-top blotches look like web

-slow growth rate & short life span (often outcompeted)

-NY state fish

-smooth scaled

-fins with soft rays

-jaw extends back

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

-Protacanthopterygii superorder

-darker spots

-stream fish: red streak

-anadromy: live in saltwater, birth in freshwater

-potadromy: live in freshwater, birth in saltwater

5-spined/Brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans)

-Acanthoptergyii superorder

-advanced teleosts

-no scales

-laterally compressed & small

-5 free dorsal spines (for defense)

-paternal care

Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

-Perciformes order, Acanthopterygii superorder

-extension of upper jaw

-notched dorsal fins

-apex predators

Round goby (Neogobius melanostomus)

-Gobiidae family, Perciformes order, Acanthopterygii superorder

-pelvic fins fused in suction cup shape

-invasive

-eat invasive zebra mussels