KY Pesticide Study Guide 2021

What are two key elements in preventing or reducing losses to forest pests?

Pest identification and good forest management practices

(T/F) One standard set of management alternatives is effective against all forest pests and pest complexes.

False

Insect pheromones are chemicals that are used by members of an insect species for ___

Communication

Pesticides should be used as part of pest management plan ___

Only to prevent an unacceptable amount of damage

In general, ____________ are the most commonly used forest pesticides.

Herbicides

__________ is/are second only to habitat destruction as the greatest threat to biodiversity in forest habitats.

Invasive/Exotic non-native plants

(T/F) Kudzu is hard to eradicate because of its massive taproots

True

_________ taproots may be 6 feet or longer and weigh as much as 400 pounds.

Kudzu

(T/F) Although an invasive species, exotic bush honeysuckles should not be controlled because they provide a valuable high-fat, nutritious food for birds.

False

What is the easiest way to differentiate native bush honeysuckle from the exotic species?

Stems

___________ reproduces by seed and by forming new plants from arching canes that touch the ground.

Multiflora Rose

(T/F) Both kudzu and winter creeper are woody evergreen vines.

False

___________ is a fast means of applying foliar herbicides through dense brush but has a high potential for drift and environmental problems. It is normally done with a truck mounted equipment that delivers 60 to 400 gallons of solution per acre.

High volume spraying

Stem applications of systemic herbicides not should not be applied to trees or shrubs where non-target plants of the same species or genera are within _________.

10 to 20 feet

(T/F) A systemic herbicide can be translocated from one tree to another through a root graft, killing or injuring the non-target tree.

True

Basal bark treatments are designed to apply herbicides to the lower stems of trees and shrubs less that _____ inches in diameter.

6

The full basal bark treatment technique requires that the herbicide be thoroughly applied around the circumference of the lower _____ inches of tree.

18

Undiluted herbicide should be applied to cut stumps within _____ hour(s) after cutting.

1 to 2

(T/F) Weeds sprayed with contact herbicides usually die within a few hours or days.

True

The use of ___ herbicides allows the removal of unwanted plants from desirable species.

Selective

Usually, as the clay content of the soil increases, the amount of herbicide available for uptake in the plant ___________.

Decreases

(T/F) A small increase in the organic matter content of the soil can greatly increase the effectiveness of some herbicides.

True

(T/F) Plants are least susceptible to herbicides when they are young and growing rapidly

False

What factor can reduce herbicide performance that can be caused by the applicator?

Incorrect calibration

The _________ of a herbicide affects the amount of rainfall needed to move it in the soil.

Water solubility

High relative humidity greatly ________ foliar absorption of herbicide spray droplets.

Increases

___ is seldom a factor that limits performance of most herbicides.

Sunlight

Herbicide spraying should be done only when ______________.

Wind speed is not calm but less than 5 mph

According to Kentucky pesticide laws and regulations, commercial and non-commercial applicators must keep records of both general and restricted use pesticide applications.

True

__________ advise applicators not to apply certain pesticides where the water table is close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable.

Groundwater Advisories

The ______ is the most important law regulating pesticides in the US.

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide act (FIFRA)

Commercial and non-commercial pesticide operator and applicator licenses are good for ____ year(s).

1

Commercial and non-commercial pesticide applicator certifications are good for ____ year(s).

3

Pesticide applications must be recorded within _______ from the date of treatment.

14 days

Pesticide application records must be kept for _________ after application

3 years

(T/F) High volume spraying has a high risk of drift and unwanted effects on non-target plants.

True

(T/F) The Hypo-Hatchet® and Silvaxe® are examples of devices which combine the squirt mechanism directly into a specialty-designed hatchet.

True

(T/F) Unless the label specifically prohibits it, you can apply a pesticide to control a pest that is not on the label as long as the specific crop or site is listed.

True

How many seeds do Multiflora Rose reproduce a year?

1,000,000

What is the best pesticide to control seedlings of exotic bush honeysuckle?

Glyphosate

What is a major soil property that influences the efficacy of a soil applied herbicide?

A. Soil Texture

B. Organic Matter

C. pH and Moisture Content

D. All of the above

All of the above

Birds readily seek the fruit and are the primary seed dispersers by passing seeds through the digestive tract of birds enhances seed germination of which exotic plant?

Multiflora Rose

Which plant is nicknamed as a living fence to confine livestock?

Multiflora Rose

(T/F) Multiflora Rose can be maintained by mowing frequently, 3-6 times per growing season for 2-4 years.

True

This plant can be a small shrub, growing in mats along the forest floor to 3 feet in height or a vine climbing trees to heights of 40-70 feet.

Winter Creeper

Conifers comprise less than ___ of the forest's resource in Kentucky?

10%

(T/F) Pesticide handlers and applicators may bring pesticide residues home on their work clothes and PPE.

True

Kentucky is ranked what in the nation for hardwood production?

3rd

When deciding on a management plan, which is the first step?

Correctly identifying the pest

Improve growth of desirable trees and create growing space for tree reproduction.

Timber Stand Improvement

Control existing competing vegetation before planting or seeding or to increase browse value and to create openings for wildlife.

Site Preparation

Control stand density by thinning dense thickets of conifers or hardwoods that have not yet reached merchantable size.

Pre-commercial thinning

To control grasses, weeds, and other competing vegetation around newly planted Christmas trees or walnut seedlings.

Release of planted trees that need special treatment

(Selective or Non-Selective?) Triclopyr

Selective

(S or NS?) Metsulfuron

Selective

(S or NS?) Picloram

Selective

(S or NS?) Imazapyr

Non-Selective

(S or NS?) 2, 4-D

Selective

(S or NS?) Glyphosate

Non-Selective

(S or NS?) Hexazinone

Selective