Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1

anatomy

study of structure

physiology

study of function

gross anatomy

macroscopic

what are the types of anatomy?

gross anatomy and microanatomy

histology

study of tissues

cytology

study of cells

anterior (ventral)

toward the front of the body

proximal

position in limb closer to the point of attachment/trunk of the body

deep

position farther away from the surface of the body

inferior

below/lower than another body part

ipsilateral

same side of the body

medial

direction toward the middle of the body

posterior

toward the back of the body

contralateral

opposite side of the body

superior

above/higher than another body part

superficial

closer to the surface of the body

lateral

direction away from the middle of the body

distal

position in limb that is father away from the point of attachment/trunk of the body

what cavity is the brain located in?

cranial

what cavity is the spinal cord located in?

vertebral

what cavity are the esophagus, aorta, and trachea located in?

mediastinum

what cavity is the right lung located in?

right pleural cavity

what cavity is the heart located in?

pericardial cavity

what cavity are the liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, and intestines located in?

abdominal cavity

what cavity are the urinary bladder, uterus, reproductive organs, located in?

pelvic cavity

what are the characteristics that all living organisms have in common?

• Cellular composition

• Metabolism

• Catabolism

• Anabolism

• Growth

• Excretion

• Responsiveness

• Movement

• Reproduction

how is life organized?

1. chemical

2. cellular

3. tissue

4. organ

5. organ system

6. organism

anatomical position

body facing forward, arms at the sides with the palms facing outward, and the feet are shoulder width apart.

why is the anatomical position important?

• It makes directional terms (like left/right, front/back) clear and consistent.

• It prevents confusion when talking about injuries, organs, or locations.