Outer Ear

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Audiology test 2

Last updated 5:54 AM on 3/26/23
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46 Terms

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What two primary components consist of the Outer Ear?
Auricle/ Pina and External Auditory Canal/ meatus
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What does the Pina do?
Funnels sound wave from the environment into the ear canal.
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What is the Pina made up of?
Cartilage
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What is the concha responsible for?
Help to l**ocalize** sound source & to **funnel** sound into the external auditory canal.
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Where does the EAC begin at?
at the concha & extends medially into the temporal bone.
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What does the lateral 1/3rd of EAC contain?
* Sebaceous Glands; which secrete sebum (oily, fatty substance) for cerumen production
* Hair follicles
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Where does the lateral passes through? (1/3)
Cartilage
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Where does the Medial passes through? (2/3)
Temporal bone
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Where does the Medial 2/3rd of EAC contain?
No glands or hair follicles
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What is Osseocartilaginous junction?
where the cartilaginous and bovy portions meet.
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Where does the tympanic membrane marks the boarder between what?
Outer and middle ear
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In a healthy ear, in which TM quadrant will you see the cone of light?
Anterior-inferior
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Disorders that affect the outer and/or middle ear result in

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Conductive Hearing Loss
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What are the primary functions of the outer ear?
Assist in sound localization

Boost frequencies important for speech (\~2000-7000 Hz)

Protect TM from trauma
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In a healthy ear, the TM is most compliant near atmospheric pressure.

T/F
True
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The tympanic membrane is comprised of how many layers?
3
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What are the tympanic membrane layers?
Outer, Middle and Inner layer
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Outer layer
same skin as EAC
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Middle layer
tough, fibrous connective tissue
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Inner layer
mucous membrane (lining of middle ear space)
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Name the landmarks on the tympanic membrane
Malleus, Umbo, Annulus, Pars tensa, and Pars flaccida
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how many landmarks on the tympanic membrane are they?
6
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Malleus
largest bone of middle ear; embedded in fibrous portion of TM
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Umbo
tip of malleus that terminates near the middle of TM
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Annulus
Ring of tissue that hols the TM in position at the end of the EAC
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Pars tensa
taught area of TM (largest portion) ( made up of 2 layer of skin)
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Pars flaccida
area of loose tissues above the malleus
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Cone of light
light reflections observed in the anterior-inferior quadrant during otoscopy
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What are the 2 landmarks on the TM that are made up of two layers of skin?
Pars tensa and Pars flaccida
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What does the Otoscopy allow you to see?
the outer ear and tympanic membrane
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Why do we brace when doing Otoscopy?
to prevent injury to the ear canal if the patient moves
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What causes underdevelopment of the Pinna or EAC?
Congenital (at birth) or Acquired (trauma, burns) Can occur in one or both ears
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Name the 4 grades/levels of the microtia and atresia
Microtia, Anotia, Stenosis and Atresia
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Microtia
one of both pinnae is underdeveloped
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__Anotia__
Absent __pinna__
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Stenosis
markedly narrow EAC
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Atresia
absent EAC
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T/F Is cerumen a normal by product of the healthy ear?

\
True
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What does the hair and cerumen help with?
Keep foreign objects (insects) from passing into the __medial (bony)__ portion of the EAC
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T/F Can a fully occluding cerumen impact hearing?
True
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What are the common conditions of the tympanic membrane?
Perforations, pressure equalizing (PE) tubes and Tympanosclerosis
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Conductive Hearing loss Air Bone Gap will NOT exceed to what dB?
60 dB
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Why is it important to protect the Tympanic membrane?
from trauma
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What is the frequency for the outer ear?
Resonator for frequencies btw 200 and 7000 Hz (Speech Frequency)
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Why is middle layer important?
it helps to vibrate
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What does it mean when you don’t see the cone of light?
there’s something happening due to the shape