AL Final

What are the 5 bones in the hip?

ilium, sacrum, coccyx, pubis, ischium

What is the function of the hip and pelvis

Primary function is to stabilize the body - it is very strong

What is the spot on the pelvis where the femur attaches?

The acetabulum

Where is the acetabulum located?

the ischium

What are the 4 main quad muscles?

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis

What range of motion does the rectus femoris produce?

flexion at the hip and extension at the knee

What range of motion does the vastus lateralis produce?

primarily knee extension

What range of motion does the vastus intermedius produce?

knee extension

What range of motion does the vastus medialis produce?

knee extension

What range of motion does the sartorius produce?

It flexes, abducts, and externally rotates the hip, while flexing and internally rotating the knee. (it puts the legs in the ‘crossed’ position)

What are the 3 muscles of the hamstring?

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

What is the main range of motion of the 3 hamstring muscles?

They act to extend the hip and flex the knee

What is myositis ossificans?

A bony growth in the muscle as the result of an injury.

What is the treatment for myositis ossificans

avoid heat, ice for pain and inflammation. Make sure to stretch out the area

What are the 5 groin muscles?

adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis, pectineus

What range of motion do the groin muscles produce

external rotation and adduction of hip

What are the two types of hip dislocations?

anterior and posterior

What is it called when the femoral head is out of the socket

posterior hip dislocation

A Hip pointer…

brusing or sorness of a nonspecific area, typically the iliac crest. common motions can bother it

What should you do to treat a hip pointer

manage pain and inflamation, focus on flexibility and strength training. you can also add extra padding to protect the area.

What is avascular necrosis

when blood is unable to reach the bone, resulting in bone death. Common during hip dislocations

What is Athletic Pubalgia

a chronic pain of the pubic region. Typically not bothersome DURING play, but AFTER. Caused by a muscular imbalance and can cause irregular rotation and inflammation of the pubic symphysis.

what can you do to treat Athletic pubalgia

rest, get syptoms under control, figure out where the muscular imbalances are so that they can be addressed.

cervical spine

5 bones; curves forward (C)

thoracic spine

12 bones, curves backward

lumbar spine

5 bones; curves forward (L)

sacrum

5 fused bones

coccyx

4 mostly fused bones

What is Kyphosis

A rounding of the spine in the upper back. It can look like you have a hump in your back.

What is lordosis

An increased curve toward the front of your body in your lower back or neck area.

What is scoliosis?

the excessive sideways curvature of the spine

What is Spondylolysis

a fracture of the pars interarticularis

How do you treat spondylolysis

rest, potentially brace, identify what, structurally, caused the fracture

What are the main bones in the knee (4)

Femur, tibia, fibula, patella

What are the 4 ligaments in the knee?

ACL

PCL

MCL

LCL

What extends the knee?

quadriceps

What flexes the knee?

hamstrings

what are the two meniscus types?

medial & lateral

This ligament prevents the tibia from moving forward.

ACL

This ligament prevents the tibia from moving backward.

PCL

This ligament prevents inward (valgus) movement

MCL

This ligament prevents outward (varus) movement

LCL

ACL injuries

torsion/ rotation when one part of lower leg is stable

What are the 3 functions of the meniscus?

shock absorber

stabilizes knee

allows for greater joint articulation

red-red zone

vascular zone with fast healing

red-white zone

vascular zone with minimal healing

white-white zone

avascular zone in meniscus

What is the range of motion of the knee?

flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation

Genu Valgum

knock-knees

the knees bend inward and touch against eachother

genu varum

bowlegs
deviation of femur and tibia

genu reccurvatum

hyperextension
anterior pressure on the knee, pressure on posterior ligaments and tendons

patella alta

high riding patella

patella baja

low riding patella

What is the unhappy triad

weakness in knee structure that creates a chain reaction of ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus tears (blowing out the knee)

“Ankle bones”

lateral and medial malleolus

Foot bones that form the ankle joint

talus, calcaneus

Tarsal bones

navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiform (medial, lateral, intermediate)

3 sections of bones in the foot

tarsal, metatarsal, phalanges

dorsiflexion

most stable point of ankle

plantarflexion

least stable point for ankle

metatarsals and phalanges

forefoot region bones

navicular, cuboid and cuneiforms

midfoot region bones

calcaneus and talus

rear foot region bones

Talocrural joint

where the talus intersects with the ankle mortise; enclosed by the tibia and fibula; where most ankle motion comes from

What motion occurs at the talocrural joint?

dorisflextion and plantarflexion

Subtalar joint

formed by talus and calcaneus; main function is side to side and rotational movement

What motion occurs at the subtalar joint

inversion and eversion

ATF ligament (also PTF)

prevent the ankle from “opening up”

Deltoid ligament

resists eversion

What are the arches of the foot?

Medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, transverse

What are the 4 main compartments

anterior, lateral, deep posterior, superficial posterior

acute compartment syndrome

trauma to lower leg; anterior CS or posterior CS; muscle affected: tibilas, extensor hallogus longus, tibial artery
lots of pain and swelling, possible loss of feeling

medial tibial stress syndrome

shinsplints; runs down medial side of leg; overtraining or change in training

pes planus

unusually low arches

pes cavus

unusally high arches

bunion

abnormal bone growth of big toe growing toward 2nd toe; pressure creates calcification on medial aspect of big toe

plantar fascitis

irritation of fascia tissue on bottom of the foot; stepping on tacks

This skin disorder presents as crusty sores and is a bacterial infection

impetigo

This skin disorder presents as a boil and is an infected hair follicle

furuncle

This skin disorder presents and an inflammed hair follicle

folliculitis

This skin disorder is an antibiotic-resistant staph infection

MRSA

Tinea corporis

ringworm (body) mainly involves upper extremity and trunk; contracted from animals, barbershops, hairbrushes; grayish scales or black patches

Tinea Cruris

jock itch; brown/ red in groin; resembling a butterfly

Tinea Pedis

athletes foot; soles of feet/ between toes; extreme itching or burning

This skin disorder presents as skin blisters and is a viral infection

Herpes simplex

This skin condition is caused by HPV on the bottom of the foot

plantar warts

This skin disorder presents as chronically dry or itchy skin

Eczema

This skin disorder is a general skin inflammation

dermatitis