Twelfth Night

Per 1 Major Character - Viola - How does she serve Orsino and why?

She serves Orsino to sustain herself as a lone girl in a foreign country. She couldn't serve Olivia, so she serves him instead.

She serves him by pretending to be a eunuch

Per 1 Major Character - Malvolio - what are his most defining characteristics?

He is materialistic and arrogant

Per 1 Major Character - Malvolio - what is his function in the play?

He is comic relief (yellow stockings)

Per 1 Symbol/ Motif - how does Twelfth Night depict characters with reversed gender roles?

Olivia is the head of her household as opposed to the head being a man; she actively pursues a man; Sir Andrew is a coward ("unmanly"); Viola actually reversed her gender; the Duke is lovesick (which makes him overly sensitive for a socially conforming man).

Per 1 Symbol/ Motif - What is the irony of the fool being the wisest in this play?

Because the fool is never taken seriously, he can say the truth to nobles without fearing the consequences. He has stated truths in Twelfth Night that are very wise but concealed as things he says because he is a fool. The choice of being a fool is wise because he has so much freedom when it comes to what he can say, whereas the wise have to think about their words and hide the truth.

Per 1 Symbol/ Motif - how do characters in the play defy and adhere to social standards in their time?

Olivia defies the social hierarchy when she goes for Cesario, a servant, while she is a noblewoman. Viola seems to be out of her league when she pursues Orsino, a noble, while she is a servant (though only in disguise). Malvolio goes for his employer Olivia. In the end, once all truths are revealed, the characters marry according to their social statuses (Viola & Orsino, both nobles; Seb & Olivia, both nobles; Toby & Maria; both not noble)

Per 1 Major Character - Viola - Who is Cesario in relation to Viola?

Cesario is Viola's male persona. In order to serve the Duke Orsino, Viola has to pretend to be a eunuch, and she names her "eunuch identity" Cesario.

Per.6 Publication Info.

When and where was twelfth night published.

Twelfth night was first published in 1623, in the first folio.

Per 6 Biographical Information-

When is Shakespeare's birthday?

April 23 1564

Per 6- Important Quotes- "If music be the food of love, play on, give me excess of it..."

Character development: Here we see the obsessive love Orsino feels for Olivia that carries on throughout the play

Per 6 Biographical Information-

How many children did Shakespeare have?

3. Susanna, Hamnet & Judith. Hamnet died at age of 11.

Per 6 Biographical Information- What were his parents occupations?

His father was a leather merchant, bailiff & alderman (elected official positions) and his mother was a local landed heiress.

Per 6 Biographical Information- Who did William Shakespeare marry?

Anne Hathaway on November 28, 1582.

Per 6- Closing Scene- What is the overall significance behind the last scene?

The last scene is where reality and social order is restored to the very tangled and messy conflict found throughout the entire play.

Per. 6 Characters

How did Olivia find herself in Illyria, and who was she stranded with?

Olivia and the Sea Captain were stranded on Illyria after their ship was wrecked.

Per 6- Closing Scene- What is the significance of the clowns song at the conclusion of the novel?

The song at the end of the play gives off a meloncoly tone that explains the harshness of reality of growing up while also providing a sort of support for the abrupt ending of the play.

Per 6- Closing Scene- Why isn't Orsino's reaction anger when he finds out Cesario is really Viola?

Because Orsino is so deeply in love with Viola, he ignores that fact that he was lied to and deceived but takes the chance to have love.

Per 6 Author's Writing Style- Is "Twelfth Night" poetry or prose?

Prose

Per.6 Characters

Why does Viola disguise herself as a man?

Viola hides her sexulaity because she dosent have a man to vouch for her social status, this then a looks her to work for the Duke Orsino. It also provides a comedic effect when she falls in love with the Duke.

Per 6- Opening Scene- What news does Valentine bring to the Duke and why is it important?

Valentine tells the Duke about Olivia's mourning about the loss of her brother; this period of grief gives Orsino a chance to swoon Olivia.

Per 6 Historical Information- Why was role reversal so difficult to pull off in that time period?

Men were the only people allowed to play characters so they had to dress as women then switch back to men acting as if a woman like in the case of Cesario.

Per 6 Historical Information- What is the significance of the title, "Twelfth Night"?

The title comes from the twelfth night after Christmas when people celebrated by reversing the social roles. i.e. Servants as Lords, Men as women

Per 6- Opening Scene- Why does Shakespeare open with a soliloquy from the Duke?

Orsino's opening soliloquy sets the stage for the basis of the plays plot and the obsessive nature of Orsino's character.

Per 6- Important Quotes- "Make me a willow cabin at your gate and call upon my soul within the house, write loyal cantons of condemned love, and sing them loud even in the dead of night..."

Conflict: This line from Viola, disguised as Cesario, tells Olivia how "he" would love her, which sparks the beginning of the love triangle and Olivia's love for who she thinks is Cesario.

Per 6- Important Quotes- "I do not now fool myself, to let imagination jade me; for every reason excites to this, that my lady loves me."

Motif: Madness- Here Malvolio responds after reading the letter Maria wrote convincing him that Olivia loves him. Following this, he makes a fool of himself to Olivia and she is persuaded he is crazy and has him locked up.

Per 6- Important Quotes- "Not yet old enough for a man, nor young enough for a boy—as a squash is before 'tis a peascod, or a cooling when 'tis almost an apple. 'Tis with him in standing water, between boy and man."

Motif: Mistaken Identity- Here Malvolio notices features of Cesario that don't seem manly or developed enough which attributes to Shakespeare's idea of gender reversal in this play.

Per 6- Important Quotes- "Go thou and seek the crowner and let him sit o' my coz, for he's in the third degree of drink: he's drowned. Go, look after him."

Character Development: Olivia asks Feste to look after the drunk Sir Toby. These kinds of favors come up often throughout the play which makes it obvious that he is a drunk.

Per 6- Important Quotes- "Thy tongue, thy face, thy limbs, actions and spirit. Do give thee five-fold blazon. Not too fast! Soft, soft!"

Theme: In this quote, Olivia proclaims her love for Cesario right after they met for the first time. This reiterates the theme that love is blind to deceit.

Per 6- Important Quotes- "They that dally nicely with words may quickly make them wanton."

Theme: This quote illustrates the dangers found within written words that appears several times throughout the play when dealing with letters, notes, etc.

Per 1 - Quotes - What does the quote "Conceal me what I am, and be my aid/ For such disguise as haply shall become/ The form of my intent." (1.3.53-55) contribute for the plot?

This quote shows that Viola is going to hide the fact that she is female, and adopt her male disguise as who she "truly" is in Illyria.

Per 1 - Quotes - What plot point unfolds after Viola states: "That I am Viola" (5.1. 253)?

The falling action and resolution, in which everything is put back in order; once Viola reveals her true self, all confusions with Sebastian's appearance and Olivia's romantic advances are resolved, and almost everyone attains their true loves.

Per 6 Plot Summary- Who is Orcino in love with and why does she not love him back?

Olivia, and she has just lost her brother leading to her sorrow and solitude.

Per 6 Plot Summary- Why does Viola dress as a man?

She wants to work and has no one to vouch for her, so she becomes a man to work for Orcino.

Per 6 Plot Summary- What do Maria, Toby, and Andrew plan to do to Malvolio?

They plan to play a massive prank on Malvolio for being so pompous; they do this by writing a fake letter from Olivia to Malvolio making it look as if Olivia is in love with Malvolio.

Per 6 Plot Summary- Why is it so dangerous for Antonio to follow Sebastian?

Antonio is banned from Illyria by Orcino, but follows Sebastian anyways because he is affectionate for him.

Per 6 Plot Summary- What is the greatest conflict between the main characters?

They have a love triangle; Orcino loves Olivia, who loves Viola (Cesario), who in turn, loves Orcino.

Per 6 Plot Summary- What ends up happening to Malvolio?

After falling for Maria's trick letter, he is suspected to be insane by Olivia, and is sent to a dark room to be tormented by The Clown and the others. At the end of the play, he storms off completely outraged.

Per 6 Plot Summary- Why does does Orcino become infuriated with Viola?

He is led to believe that Viola has married Olivia, his love, when in fact it was Sebastian who married Olivia, leading to the mix-up.

Per 6 Plot Summary- How do Andrew and Toby get beat-up?

They attempt to fight who they think is Viola, because Andrew believes he is trying to steal away Olivia. In reality, they actually try to fight Sebastian and lose horribly.

Per 6 Plot Summary- How does the play resolve?

After revealing to everyone that Cesario is Viola disguised as a man, every love interest is altered and a happy ending is created as Orcino marries Viola, Sebastian marries Olivia, and Toby marries Maria.

Per 6 Plot Summary- What is the outcome of sending Cesario to talk to Olivia?

Olivia not only denies Orcino, but falls for the messenger, Cesario, who is really Viola.

Per 6 Setting- Where does the play take place?

In Illyria, the fictional equivalent of the Adriatic coast.

Per 6 Setting- Does the play ever reveal a time in which it took place?

No, a year in which the play takes place is unknown, however it is probably around the early 1600's, the same time Shakespeare wrote it. Also regarded as the Elizabethan Era.

Per 1 - Quotes - How does the quote "This fellow is wise enough to play the fool, / And to do that well craves a kind of wit" (3.1.61-62) make sense when fools are meant to be foolish?

This quote shows the motif of the wise fool. According to Viola, fools act foolish for a living, but in order to make their patrons laugh, they have to be aware of who they're joking in front of, and understand what makes them laugh. Fools calculate their words very carefully, which makes them wise despite what their occupation implies.

Per 1 - Quotes - What is happening as Olivia says "Even so quickly may one catch the plague" (1.5.296)? Why is it such a problem?

She is falling in love with Cesario, which is dramatic irony because she doesn't know that Cesario is actually a woman. The audience knows, and would realize that this is a problem because Olivia's love for Cesario would lead to conflict for Viola, who can't reveal her true gender yet.

Per 1 Style - Shakespeare often uses witty wordplay in his plays. How does he use them in Twelfth Night to characterize both witty and foolish characters, such as when Andrew mistakenly calls Maria "Mistress Accost"?

In the play, when characters are witty, they respond to puns by extending and expanding on it (ex: fool's conversations with many characters in the play). When characters are foolish, they are usually completely oblivious to the wit or humor; Andrew's accidental misuse of accost and his obliviousness of it shows his stupidity.

Per. 6 Characters

What is the importance of Viola's reveal at the end of the play?

The reveal a looks Viola to be who she truly is. Viola no longer has to pretend to be sone e she is not.

Per.6 Characters

How is Viola's disguise important to the work as a whole?

The disguise causes some sexual confusion, and adds to the comedic effect of a love triangle between viola, cesario and Olivia.

Per.6 Characters

Why is olivia refusing guests at the beginning of the play.

She refuses guests because she is mourning her brothers death.

Per. 6 Characters

Who does Olivia fall in love with?

A. Orsino

B.Cesario

C.Malvolio

D.Andrew Aguecheek

B

Per. 1 Publication Information

What is the Publication date of Twelfth Night ?

The First Folio in 1623

Per. 1 Historical Information

The Twelfth Night was written in what era ?

The Elizabethan Era

Per. 1 Character

What is Toby's most defining characteristic?

Toby is often drinking, he is a drunk.

Per. 1 Character

How is Toby manipulative?

Toby is manipulative towards Andrew. He takes advantage of Andrew's stupidity to pay for his alcohol

Per. 1 Is Toby a corrupt character? Explain

Yes, Toby is corrupted. He abuses his stay at Olivia's house and almost becomes unwelcome in her home.

Per 1 - Quotes - Olivia says "And underneath that consecrated roof, / Plight me the full assurance of your faith" (4.3.25-26) to Sebastian, proposing to him. What does it add to the confusion of the plot?

This is another part of the rising action, in which more and more people mistake Sebastian for Cesario and vice versa. Because Olivia and Sebastian are about to be officially married, Cesario, who serves Orsino, who is in love with Olivia, would be thought as a traitor to Orsino for marrying Olivia behind his back. In 5.1, Viola is seen as a traitor to Olivia too, for denying the marriage.

Per 1- Quotes - Why does Viola say "Disguise, I see thou art a wickedness" after Olivia shows interest in Cesario (2.3.27), and how is this conflicting for Viola?

Viola says this because Cesario is her male disguise, so Olivia loves Cesario without realizing that Cesario is really a girl. This disguised has caused confusion for characters throughout the play, beginning with Olivia's love for Cesario, and becomes a conflict for Viola as she tries to keep her gender a secret without getting into trouble for being pursued by Olivia.

Per 1 - Quotes - What do the quotes Olivia says: "think me as well a sister as a wife" (5.1.319), addressed to Orsino, and "A sister; you are she" (5.1.326), addressed to Viola, show about the development of the characters' relationships?

Because Olivia is married to Sebastian, Viola becomes her sister-in-law. And because Viola marries Orsino, Olivia becomes Orsino's remote sister-in-law. Before, Viola was Orsino's servant and Olivia loved her as Cesario. Orsino loved Olivia. Now, the relationships that were previously romantic have become familial and familial relationships turned romantic as well.

Per 1 - Symbol/Motif - How does Shakespeare show the flexibility of love in Twelfth Night？

At the beginning of the play, Orsino is madly in love with Olivia and close friends with Cesario, and Olivia is in love with Cesario. In the end, Orsino romantically loves Viola, and Olivia sees Viola as a family member rather than a love interest. Similarly, Orsino sees Olivia as a sister at the conclusion of the play. These rapid changes show that love isn't a single path that can't change from romantic to familial (or vice versa); the characters' changes of heart prove that love is subject to change no matter how intense it is.

Per 1 - Symbol/Motif - What is the importance of disguise in the play, and what does this motif say about identity?

Disguise in the play, particularly Viola's act of concealing her gender and social class, allowed her to experience being someone on the opposite of the spectrum from where she is; Cesario is a male servant, whereas Viola is a woman of noble birth. This shows that identity is not inherent; despite what a person's defined character is at birth (eg: sex & status), his/her identity is not fixed, and like love, it is subject to change. Although the characters return to their true selves at the end of Twelfth Night, the fact remains that their changes in identity (eg social role reversals) did happen.

Pd. 1

Theme -

The aspect of cross dressing is prevalent throughout the play. What does the theme of switching gender roles imply about Shakespeare's time?

This theme demonstrates that gender is more fluid, and a type of social hierarchy rather than a specific identity. The fluidity of gender depicts the freedom one assumes under the guise of another, and challenges the preconceived notions of gender and its defining characteristics.

Per. 1 Character

Who is Toby related to and what effect does it have on the household?

Toby is related to Olivia. Toby is Olivia's Uncle. Because of the relationship between Toby and Olivia, Toby gets away with a lot of things, such as partying and coming home late and drunk.

Per 1. Character

Why does Fabian want to see Malvolio fall from Olivia's grace ?

Fabian wants to see Malvolio fall from Olivia's grace because Malvolio told Olivia that he was bear baiting.

Per.6 Characters

Olivia gives ____ to Malvolio to give to cesario.

A ring, a attempted proposal

Per.6 Characters

Orsino confesses that he wants an excess of _____.

Love

"If music be the food of love play on, Give me excess of it..."

Per.6 Characters

Who works for orsino, delivering messages to olivia?

Cesario

Per. 6 Characters

What does orsino do when he finds out that Cesario is actually Viola?

A. Get angry and banish her

B. Ask for her hand in marriage

C. Kiss her

D. Push her away

B

Per. 6 Characters

Orsino compares women to _____.

Roses

Per.6 Characters

What is one reason that Orsino thinks women cannot love like men can?

Because men's love e is deeper and conforming

Per.6 Symbols

What does the changing of clothing symbolize, and why is this impertinent to the story?

The changing of clothing is a character taking up a new identity: physically showing the change they are going through.

Per. 1 Historical Information

Explain what the Elizabethan Era was known for?

The Elizabethan Era is known for Queen Elizabeth's Reign and English history like Shakespeare and others

Per. 1 Characters

How are Olivia and Duke Orsino similar ?

They are similar because they both contain the traits of obsession and passion when it comes to love. Olivia and Orsino are both in love with the concept of being love but not in love with the actual person.

Per. 1 Character

How does Olivia grief for her brother?

She griefs by wearing all black and a veil to cover her face.

Per. 1 Character

How long does Olivia say she is mourning her brother for ?

A. 3 years

B. Until she is married

C. 7 years

D. 5 years.

C. 7 years

Per. 1 Character

What is the significance of Olivia pursuing Cesario ?

By having Olivia pursue Cesario it shows how rebellious she is. Olivia is not confining to the ideal stereotypical role of women in the Elizabethan era. She doesnt sit and wait to be pursued; she proposes to Cesario, breaking the gender and social status.

Per. 1 Character

What is Andrew's purpose in the play ?

His purpose is to make things comedic. He is comic relief

Per. 1 Character

Andrew is a character who is?

A. Gullible

B. Attentive

C. Brave

D. Witty

A. Gullible

Per. 1 Character

What is Fabian's job ?

He is Olivia's servant

Per 6- author's style

What meter does Shakespeare traditionally write in?

A. Dactylic

B. Diameter

C. Iambic pentameter

C. Iambic pentameter, which is 10 syllables a line.

Pd. 1

Theme - Love is a central theme throughout the novel. However, Shakespeare combines love and its resulting sacrifices in order to convey what love does to people. How does this theme apply to Sebastian and Antonio?

When Sebastian doesn't return to the Elephant Antonio becomes worried. Antonio is aware that he shouldn't be in Ilyria, but still decides to sacrifice himself, and leave the safety of the inn and search for Sebastian for the love that he holds for him.

Per. 6 Themes/Motifs

How does Olivia's reciprocation "love" influence Malvolio's actions and what affect does it have on theme?

Malvolio is driven to madness, at first it is excitement and joy that causes him to dance around and change his appearance. This quickly turns to distress when he is locked away and made fun of. The final stage of Malvolio's madness is anger, he is filled with rage when he finds out that Olivia did not write the letter to him, and claims that he will make them all regret what they have done. This shows that artificial love hurts more than love itself.

Pd. 1 Theme -

Throughout the play, deception plays a huge role; Shakespeare uses deception as a way to see the true self of a person. Considering this, why does Maria deceive Malvolio and how does she do it?

Maria writes a letter under the guise that she is Olivia. She does this as a prank on Malvolio, because she cannot stand his serious nature.

Per 6- Authors Style

Shakespeare's plays were most commonly written in

A. Blank verse

B. Rhymed verse

C. Prose

A. Shakespeare most commonly wrote his plays in in blank verse which is unrhymed iambic pentameter

Per. 6 Themes/Motifs

All of the following have an effect on the theme of the play EXCEPT

A. Gender Roles

B. Love turning into anger

C. Jealousy

D.Family

D. Family

While some characters may have lost members of their family, or do not like members, the central focus of the play is love and its tragic downfalls.

Per.6 Themes/Motifs

What point is Shakespeare trying to get across when he talks of love in a way that makes fun of itself?

To show that love is funny, that is is alright to laugh at how quickly someone can fall in love and fall out. To show that those in love may be experiencing a fantasy, and once the are brought back to reality they will come to their senses. He wants to show that love is not easy or clean or straight forward, rather a giant winding path that one hopes to reach the end of.

Per.6 Characters

When Sebastian first arrives in Illyeria, he is mistaken for being ___.

Cesario

Per.6 Characters

Who does Sebastian help after being saved from the shipwreck?

A. Malvolio

B. Sir Andrew

C.Antonio

D. Olivia

C. Antonio

Per.6 Characters

Why does Sebastian marry Olivia?

Because he thinks she is beautiful, and since she believes Sebastian is Cesario she is flirting with him which encourages Sebastian.

Per. 6 Characters

Who does Sebastian fight with, and who wins?

Sebastian fights with Sir Andrew, and Sebastian walks away unscathed, where as Sir Andrew has blood coming from his head.

Per 6 Characters

What does the letter tell Malvolio to wear if he wishes to be with Olivia?

Yellow stockings, because its is Olivia's "favorite" color

Per. 6 Characters

Malvolio is the steward to ____.

Olivia

Per 6 Characters

Why is Sebastian imperative to the closing scene?

Because he is the one that reveals that Viola was not the one who fought Sir Andrew, or took Antonio's purse. He also allows Viola to see that he is not dead, so she could stop pretending to be a man.

Per 6- Authors Style

What 3 types of plays did Shakespeare write?

A. Histories, tragedies, romances

B. Histories, comedies. Tragedies

C. Sonnets, couplets, monologues

B. Shakespeare most commonly wrote histories, like Henry V, tragedies like Romeo & Juliet and comedies like Twelfth Night.

Per. 6 Themes/Motifs

How does Viola's Gender change provide comic relief?

It is the mechanism that causes Olivia to fall in love with the wrong person, and for her being confused with her brother Sebastian. It also shows that a woman fell in love with another woman and a "man" fell in love with a man, which goes against "normal" gender standards.

Per 6 Themes/ Motifs

What is the importance of switching genders?

It demonstrates that at this time gender could be defined by clothing and a change of voice, that it is not a fixed identity, rather a social arrangement. It pokes fun at the social standings of the time.

Pd. 1

Character (supporting) -

Whose court does Valentine belong to?

He belongs to Orsino's court. He is an attendant and meant to do small errands for Orsino.

Pd. 1

Character (supporting) -

When Valentine is first introduced, what do we learn that he has failed to accomplish?

Orsino originally sent Valentine to "woo" Olivia, but fails to do so.

Pd. 1

Character (supporting) -

What does Curio suggest Orsino do to distract himself from his heartache over Olivia in the first scene?

a) go hunt

b) go to a pub

c) find a new girl

d) go to her and demand she love him

a) go hunt

Pd. 1

Character (supporting) -

Who does Curio go to look for when Orsino wants to hear a song he previously heard in a pub?

Curio goes and retrieves Feste.

Pd. 1

Character (major) -

Who is Orsino love sick for at the beginning of the play?

a) Maria

b) Viola

c) Olivia

d) Toby

c) Olivia