intro

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

The energy used by the body to carry out basic bodily functions at rest. to sustain life

* 60-75% of TEE

Total energy expenditure (TEE)

the total energy you need in a day, beyond what is needed to sustain life.

Exercise

increases metabolism depending on intensity and duration

* Greater muscle: fat ratio increases metabolism


* 15-30% of TEE

Age

Hormonal levels fluctuate which cause a decreased metabolism

Thermic effect of food (TEF) aka diet-induced thermogenesis

energy req. increases several hours after a meal due to digestion

* 5-10% of TEE
* can cause an increase in body temp
* TEF increases with the size of the meal, carbs, and proteins
* fasting decreases metabolism

metabolism

The various chemical reactions transform matter in the cell to regulate energy needs

* reactions occur in steps called metabolic pathways

Energy

created by cellular respiration

\-kinetic, potential, chemical, bond energy etc

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

the primary source of energy in living cells

* structure: nitrogenous base (Adenine) attached to a 5- carbon sugar (Ribose) which is attached to a chain on 3 phosphate groups
* unstable, releases energy when hydrolyzed and a phosphate is lost, turning into a more stable ADP

how is energy obtained from atp

ATPase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the phosphate on the end of the chain making ADP

* also called dephosphorization (releases energy)

phosphorylate

Creation of ATP by adding an inorganic phosphate (Pi) to an ADP

* Requires energy

Glucose

* Glucose is the main source of energy
* Photoautotrophs transform light energy into chemical potential energy (glucose)
* Heterotrophs rely on CONSUMING autotrophs for energy (glucose)

Aerobic

Oxygen is USED

Anaerobic

no oxygen req.