psych therapies

Behavioral Therapy

Uses learning (rewards/punishment) to change harmful behaviors

Counterconditioning

Replacing a bad reaction with a better one

Systematic Desensitization

Slowly exposing someone to a fear while helping them stay calm

Biofeedback

Using machines to show body signals (like heart rate) so you learn to control them

Aversive Conditioning

Pairing a bad behavior with something unpleasant to stop it

Token Economy

Earning rewards (tokens) for good behavior that can be traded for prizes

Biomedical Therapy

Treating mental disorders with medical/biological methods

Psychopharmacology

Using drugs to treat mental disorders

Antipsychotic drugs

Reduce symptoms like hallucinations and delusions

Tardive dyskinesia

Uncontrollable movements (like face twitching) from long-term antipsychotic use

Antianxiety drugs

Calm the body and reduce anxiety

Antidepressants

Increase mood by affecting brain chemicals (like serotonin)

Lithium

Stabilizes mood, especially for bipolar disorder

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Brief electric currents to the brain to treat severe depression

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)

Uses magnetic pulses to stimulate parts of the brain

Psychosurgery

Surgery that destroys or removes brain tissue to treat disorders

Lobotomy

Old, harmful surgery cutting brain connections (rarely used now)

Cognitive Therapy

Changes negative thinking patterns

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT)

Changes both thoughts and behaviors

REBT (Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy)

Challenges irrational beliefs and replaces them with logical ones

DBT (Dialectical Behavior Therapy)

Teaches coping skills like emotion control and mindfulness

Cognitive restructuring

Identifying and changing negative thoughts

Group and Family Therapy

Therapy with multiple people to improve relationships and support

Humanistic Therapy

Focuses on personal growth and reaching your potential

Client-Centered Therapy

Therapist listens and lets the client lead the conversation

Active Listening

Therapist listens carefully, reflects, and clarifies

Unconditional Positive Regard

Accepting and supporting a person no matter what

Psychoanalytic Therapy

Explores unconscious thoughts and past experiences

Dream Interpretation

Analyzing dreams to understand unconscious thoughts

Free Association

Saying whatever comes to mind to reveal hidden thoughts