geo final 9th

test b forms

dry farming

leave unplanted ground to gather moisture

subsidence

ground of area sinks

inhabitable

able to be lived on

hub

central point of concentrated activity / transport

graben

long narrow areas dropped between two faults

sirocco

wind from Africa

Besides the Pyrenees, what other physical features isolate the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of Europe?

steep coastal cliffs

The economy of Spain has changed in recent years in which of the  following ways?

Transportation equipment is now the country's major export.

All of the following are theories about what happened to Crete around  1500 B.C. except that the island was

invaded by people from the island of Minos.

Which statement about Portugal is not true?

Portugal was the birthplace of the Renaissance.

Which of the following is not a reason Greece is considered part of  Mediterranean Europe?

It won its independence from Turkey in 1830.

Why have many Italians migrated to the north in recent years?

to work in northern factories

Which of the following is not true of the Po River valley?

The region is the site of Italy's major cultural center.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the economy of Greece?

Agriculture is an important part of the Greek economy.

Which of the following is not a characteristic shared by Spain and Portugal?

Both countries have large Basque-speaking regions.

All of the following are ways that Italy has changed except that

production of automobiles has declined since the 1950s.

The three regions of Italy were united

under the Roman Empire and not again until the mid-1800s.  

entrepreneur

someone who starts a business 

privatization

take industry from gov. and give it to citizens

annex

formally accept into a nation

Holocaust

mass killing of the Jews

velvet revolution

revolution without violence

balkanize

divide into many little parts

Why are there so few Jews in all of Poland?

Millions of Jews were executed by the Nazis.

Which of the following is not a problem for the Polish economy?

continued Russian domination

What landform covers most of Poland?

the North European Plain  

Which of the following explains how Czechoslovakia was divided into

The division resulted from a peaceful separation.

In contrast to Lithuania and Latvia, which of the following is an accurate statement about Estonia?

Estonians speak a language language more closely related to Finnish than to the  language spoken in Lithuania and Latvia.

Which of the following explains why the former Yugoslavia broke up into a  number of small countries after Communist controlended in the late 1980s?

tensions between different ethnic groups

While Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova share many characteristics, they  differ in which of the following ways?

Belarus and Ukraine suffered severely from the Chernobyl disaster, while Moldova was unaffected by the tragedy.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the way that  Hungary's economy changed following the breakup of the Soviet Union?

A government program encouraging privatization helped turn  around the economy.

Albania differs from Romania and Bulgaria in which of the following ways?

Even during the Communist years, it isolated itself from almost all  outside influences including that of the Soviet Union.   

The ________ or systematic killing, of the Armenians by the Turks during World War I has been the cause of continued strained relations between the two countries.

genocide

An ______ a large, portable, round tent made of wooden frames covered with felt or skin.

yurt

_______ a set of religious beliefs based on a strict interpretation of a sacred text.

fundamentalism

In northern Kazakhstan, there are steppes where grasslands create a rich topsoil called

chernozem

Each of the Caucasus nations has gained its _______ or independence, from the former Soviet Union.

autonomy  

_____ the extension of the desert due to overgrazing,  the destruction of forests, or other changes caused by humans.

desertification

The desire of a cultural group to rule themselves as a separate country is called

nationalism

As a result of conflicts in Armenia,

almost 200,000 Azeris fled Armenia.  

All of the following economic activities have helped improve the economy of Georgia since it became an independent country except

computer technology

Rug making is a traditional craft in which of the following countries?

Armenia and Azerbaijan

Which of the following is the main reason foreign investors are hesitant to invest in oil exploration in Azerbaijan?

threat of earthquakes

Compared with the Caucasus region, ethnic and religious differences in Central Asia

cause fewer problems.  

Which of the policies of the Soviet Union had a dramatic effect on the lifestyle of people in Kazakhstan?

forcing nomadic peoples to settle in villages and work on massive government farms

Kara Kum and Kyzyl Kum are the names of two

of Asia's largest deserts, located in Central Asia.

Which of the following was not a consequence of diverting water to irrigate cotton fields in Central Asia?

The Amu Darya River was drained dry.

In contrast to most of its neighbors, Armenia

is a predominantly Christian country.

The climate of Central Asia tends to be

arid or semiarid with more than 10 inches of rain a year in some areas.

France governed Syria and Lebanon under a(n)  _______ issued by the League of Nations.

mandate

________ is the movement for re-establishing an independent Jewish state in the Middle East

Zionism

Each religious faction in Lebanon had its own ________ or army, in the 1980s and early 1990s.

militia

The process of removing the salt from seawater so that it can be used for drinking and irrigation is called

desalination

A country's _______ is its basic support facilities, including its roads, schools, and communication systems.

infrastructure 

A complete state of lawlessness is called

anarchy

Farmers in Oman depend on an ancient network of underground _______ and surface canals called the for water.

falaj-system

A conservative Islamic religious leader is a(n)

ayatollah

One step that was taken in the 1990s to try to prevent further conflict

give control of some territories to the Palestinians

Jordan has changed in which of the following ways since its independence?

Palestinian Arabs now make up about half of its population.  

How did the Israelis overcome the challenge of limited farmland?

by draining swamps and building irrigation systems

What group of people makes up almost 20 percent of Israel's population?

Arabs

Which of the following is an accurate statement about Lebanon after the end of the civil war?

Hezbollah guerrillas now operate throughout the southern section of the country.

Which of the following statements about Syria is not true?

Syria has very little fertile farmland.

How have countries on the Arabian Peninsula prepared for the eventual depletion of their oil supplies?

by developing other industries

How do most people in Yemen and Oman make their living?

from farming and herding

Which of the following statements about Turkey is true?

Turkey is the most industrialized country in Southwest Asia.

The civil war in Cyprus during the 1960s stemmed from conflicts  between what two groups of people?

Greek Orthodox Christians and Turkish Muslims