Social Pysch Exam 3

Aggression

Any physical/verbal behavior that is intended to hurt someone

Social Aggression

Hurting someone else’s feelings or threatening their relationships

Hostile aggression

Injury is the goal

Instrumental agression

Injury is a means to a different goal

ex: kid wanting a toy

4 ways researchers measure aggression

• Self report aggressive behaviors and attitudes

• preferences for methods of violence

• behaviors in the lab

• behaviors in the real world

Testosterone influence on agression

• sex difference in violent crimes

• after handling a gun, men testosterone increases and they feel more aggressive

frustration-aggression theory

• Frustration = block of goal-directed behavior

• Frustration triggers a readiness to aggress

• Aggression caused when behavior causing frustration is unjustified

  • ex: not listening bc of hearing aid vs not paying attention

relative depravation as frustration

Perceiving oneself (or ones group) as less off than others

Social Learning theory

learn social behavior by observing and imitating others and by being rewarded for that behavior

Ex: bobo clown kid experiment

Displacement of Aggression

When we can’t express anger towards source we direct to a “safer” more socially acceptable target

aversive experiences that influence aggression

• hotter temperatures

• physical pain

• social pain (ostracism)

Aggressive cues influence aggression

participants left in a room with gun and badminton and people with the gun shock fake participants longer.

Group influences on aggression

• Deindividuation

• diffusion of responsibility

• social contagion

ex: riots/mobs

Longitudinal evidence for media influence on aggression

Television viewing between ages 5 and 15 predicted having crimnal conviction by 36

Experimental evidence for media influence on aggression

• female participants watched physical and social and neutral aggression movies

  • physical had highest noise blast level and duration with social following right after.

catharsis

People release their aggressive energy by acting aggressively

ex: rage room/video games

does not actually lower aggression, oppisite happens

Social Learning to reduce aggression

• reward co-operative/non-aggressive behaviors

• consume pro-social media

  • positive/constructive

• learn how to regulate emotions and resolve conflict

Why averaged faces are seen as more beautiful than individual faces

• features become more proportional and symmetrical

• implies better health and fertility

Matching Phenomenon

Pair up with others whose desirability is similar to our own

Proximity in College Dorms

• Random assignment to an apart within a 17 building housing complex

• closest friends were from the same building

• the closer the unit the more likely they were friends

Mere Exposure effect

we like people and things that we are repeatedly exposed to

• like people we like more

• dislike people we dislike more

Reciprocity

We like people who like us

• when person A was told person B likes you person like had a higher liking for person B

We like similar others

1) demographics

2) values/attitudes

3) personality

complementarity evolves a realtionship

• attrached