apush all god help me

Jazz Age (1920s–1930s)

A period of economic prosperity and cultural change marked by jazz music, consumerism, and relaxed social norms.

Scopes Trial (1925)

A court case over teaching evolution that highlighted conflict between science and religion.

Al Capone

A major gangster during Prohibition who ran organized crime in Chicago.

The Radio

A communication technology that spread news, music, and advertising nationwide in the 1920s.

Lost Generation (1920s)

A group of writers disillusioned after WWI who criticized modern society.

Harlem Renaissance (1920s–1930s)

A cultural movement celebrating African American literature, art, and music.

Immigration Act (1921)

A law that limited immigration through quotas based on nationality.

National Origins Act (1924)

A stricter immigration law that reduced quotas and favored northern Europeans.

Sacco and Vanzetti Trial (1921)

A controversial trial of two immigrants that showed anti-immigrant and anti-radical bias.

Ku Klux Klan (1920s)

A white supremacist group that targeted African Americans, immigrants, and Catholics.

First Red Scare (1919)

A period of fear of communism and radical political movements in the U.S.

Trickle Down – Andrew Mellon

The economic idea that tax cuts for the wealthy would benefit the entire economy.

Washington Conference (1921–1922)

A meeting to limit naval armaments and prevent war.

Kellogg-Briand Treaty (1928)

An agreement that outlawed war as a tool of foreign policy.

Dawes Plan (1924)

A plan to help Germany pay WWI reparations with U.S. loans.

Good-Neighbor Policy (1933–1945)

FDR’s policy of cooperation and non-intervention in Latin America.

Wall Street Crash (1929)

The stock market collapse that helped trigger the Great Depression.

Herbert Hoover

The president during the start of the Great Depression who favored limited government action.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)

A high tariff that worsened the Great Depression by reducing trade.

Reconstruction Finance Corp

A government agency that gave loans to banks and businesses during the Depression.

Bonus March (1932)

WWI veterans who marched on Washington demanding early bonus payments.

Election of 1932

Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated Hoover and promised a New Deal.

CCC (1933)

A New Deal program that provided jobs in conservation projects.

TVA (1933)

A program that provided electricity and economic development to the Tennessee Valley.

NRA (1933)

A program that set fair wages and prices but was later declared unconstitutional.

AAA (1933)

A program that paid farmers to reduce production to raise crop prices.

WPA (1935)

A program that created jobs building infrastructure and supporting the arts.

Wagner Act (1935)

A law protecting workers’ rights to unionize and bargain collectively.

Social Security Act (1935)

A program providing pensions for the elderly and unemployment insurance.

Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)

A law establishing minimum wage and maximum hours.

Court Packing Scheme (1937)

FDR’s failed attempt to add more justices to the Supreme Court.

Recession of 1937–1938

An economic downturn during the New Deal caused by reduced government spending.

Dust Bowl (1930s)

A series of droughts and poor farming practices that caused severe dust storms.

Neutrality Acts (1935–1939)

Laws designed to keep the U.S. out of foreign wars.

Rise of Nazi Germany, Italy & Japan (totalitarianism)

The emergence of aggressive authoritarian regimes leading to WWII.

Four Freedoms (1941)

FDR’s speech outlining freedoms: speech, worship, freedom from want, and fear.

Pearl Harbor (1941)

A surprise Japanese attack that led the U.S. to enter WWII.

Double V Campaign (1942–1945)

A movement for victory against fascism abroad and racism at home.

Korematsu v. United States (1944)

A Supreme Court case upholding Japanese internment.

Japanese American Internment

The forced relocation of Japanese Americans during WWII.

United Nations (1945)

An international organization formed to promote peace.

Braceros (1942–1964)

A program allowing Mexican laborers to work temporarily in the U.S.

Holocaust

The genocide of six million Jews by Nazi Germany.

D-Day (1944)

The Allied invasion of Normandy, turning point in WWII.

Island-Hopping (1943–1945)

A strategy of capturing key Pacific islands from Japan.

Manhattan Project (1942–1946)

A secret project to develop the atomic bomb.

Hiroshima (1945)

The first Japanese city hit by an atomic bomb.

Nagasaki (1945)

The second Japanese city bombed, leading to Japan’s surrender.

Yalta (1945)

A conference where Allied leaders planned postwar Europe.

Potsdam (1945)

A conference that finalized WWII terms and tensions with the USSR.

G.I. Bill (1944)

A law providing education and housing benefits to veterans.

Baby Boom (1946–1964)

A large increase in birth rates after WWII.

Sunbelt (1950s)

A region of population growth in the South and West.

Taft-Hartley Act (1946)

A law restricting labor union activities.

Levittown (1951)

A mass-produced suburban community symbolizing postwar suburbanization.

Beatniks (1950s)

A countercultural group rejecting mainstream values.

Interstate Highway System (1956)

A network of highways improving transportation and defense.

Cold War (1945–1990)

A period of tension between the U.S. and Soviet Union.

Truman Doctrine (1945)

A policy to contain communism by supporting free nations.

Marshall Plan (1948)

U.S. aid to rebuild Europe and prevent communism.

NATO (1949)

A military alliance between the U.S. and Western Europe.

Korean War (1950–1953)

A conflict to stop communist expansion in Korea.

Second Red Scare (1947–1957)

A period of fear of communism leading to investigations and blacklisting.

Operation Ajax (1953)

A CIA-backed coup in Iran.

Sputnik (1957)

The first artificial satellite launched by the USSR.

Farewell Address – Eisenhower (1961)

A warning about the military-industrial complex.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

A Supreme Court case ending school segregation.

Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955–1956)

A protest against segregated buses led by MLK Jr.

Sit-in Movement (1960–1964)

Nonviolent protests at segregated lunch counters.

March on Washington (1963)

A major civil rights rally where MLK gave his “I Have a Dream” speech.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A law banning discrimination in public places and employment.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

A law protecting minority voting rights.

Malcolm X (1965)

A civil rights leader who promoted Black empowerment.

Black Panthers (1966)

A militant group advocating self-defense and racial justice.

Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

A nuclear standoff between the U.S. and USSR.

Flexible Response (1961–1969)

A military strategy to respond to threats at different levels.

Great Society (1964–1968)

LBJ’s programs to eliminate poverty and racial injustice.

Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965

A law ending quota systems and increasing immigration diversity.

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) (1960)

A student group advocating social change and protest.

Counterculture (1960s–1970s)

A movement rejecting traditional norms and promoting peace and freedom.

The Feminine Mystique (1963)

A book that sparked second-wave feminism.

Equal Rights Amendment (1972)

A proposed amendment to guarantee gender equality.

Stonewall Riot (1969)

A protest that launched the modern LGBTQ+ rights movement.

Silent Spring (1962)

A book exposing environmental dangers of pesticides.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1973)

A federal agency to protect the environment.

Indian Self-Determination Act (1975)

A law giving Native American tribes more control over programs.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964)

A law allowing expanded U.S. involvement in Vietnam.

Tet Offensive (1968)

A major North Vietnamese attack that shocked Americans.

Election of 1968

Richard Nixon won on a law-and-order platform.

Kent State (1970)

A protest where National Guard troops killed four students.

Vietnamization (1969–1973)

A policy to transfer war responsibility to South Vietnam.

Pentagon Papers (1971)

Leaked documents revealing government deception about Vietnam.

Détente (1969–1980)

A relaxation of tensions between the U.S. and USSR.

Stagflation (1973–1983)

A combination of high inflation and unemployment.

Watergate (1972)

A political scandal that led to Nixon’s resignation.

War Powers Act (1973)

A law limiting presidential power to send troops to war.

Roe v. Wade (1973)

A Supreme Court case legalizing abortion.

Regents of California v. Bakke (1978)

A case limiting affirmative action but allowing race as a factor.

Reaganomics (1981–1989)

Economic policies focused on tax cuts and reduced government spending.

Iran-Contra Affair (1985–1987)

A scandal involving illegal arms sales to Iran.