Policies

What are the biological policies

Drug treatments, Diet, Surgical castration, Lobotomy, Crowd control, Death Penalty

What are drug treatments?

Antabuse used in aversion therapy to treat alchoholism

Herion addiction which often leads to addicts commiting crime to pay for the drug Methadone is used

Sex offenders - stilbestrol form of chemical castration used to treat male sex offenders which surpresses testosterone to reduce sex drive but has serious side effects such as serious psychiatric disorders

What is done for diet?

been found supplementing prisoners diets with vitamins, minerals and fatty acids caused reduction of anti-social behaviour (of up to 37% in violent incidents)

Vutamin B3 used to treat forms of schizophrenia a disorder sometimes associated with violent behaviour

Dietry changes have beeen used to control hyperactivity which may lead to offending like removing food containing artificial colouring or high sugar diets

What types of surgery can be done?

Surgical castration: done to sex offenders to change offending behaviour but results have been mixed and has some ethical issues

Lobotomy: cutting the connection between the frontal lobe and the thalamus, used to trat schizophrenia and sexually motivated/violent criminals but has serious side effects.

What could be wrote for genetic theories that influenced policies?

Compulsory sterilisation, nazi racial purity policies

What is compulsory sterilisation

argued by eugenicists, the genetically unfit should be prevented from breeding favouring policies like compulsory sterilisation of defectives such as criminals.
US supreme court ruled it was legal to compulsorily sterilise the unfit including those with learning difficulties. Other eugenic policies included forced abortions and restriction on the right to marry

Individualistic theories

Psychoanalysis, operant learning/token economies, aversion therapy Cognitive theories + CBT and ART

What is psychoanalysis

to treat or examine a person’s mental and emotional problems by exploring their unconscious mind, memories, and dreams through dialogue

Is psychoanalysis effective

Eysenck found 44% of psychoanalysis patients treated for neurosis showed improvement in comparison to 72% of patients treated by GPS
-costs too much and is consuming and gives the analyst too much power to define what is normal/abnormal

What is a token economy and is it effective

Instutution draws up a list of desirable behaviours, when they behave in this desired way they earn a token which can be exchanged for rewards, good behaviour becomes more likely
Offenders return to crime more slowley than those without token economies

What is aversion therapy (Eysenck)

Offenders asked to think about an unacceptable sexual fantasy until aroused and then a strong aversive stimulus is administered like shocks or nausea inducing drugs, the procedure is repeated until offender associates the two

what did aichhorn say about psychoanlysis

Aichhorn applied psychoanalytic ideas to policies for treating young offenders. Parents were absent/uncaring so failed to devlop normal socialisation, he rejected harsh environments of young offenders instututions and treated children by providing a happy and pleastn environment

What are other individualistic policies?

THink first, one on one session for reapted offenders and ART (Agression replacement training).

What sociological policies did mertons study have basis for

policies to tackle poverty, equal opportunities in schools and education in prison which all have a positivie effect, those with greater inequality have high crime rates

What are some policies based on labelling theory

Decriminalisation of minor offenses so less were labelled as criminals, and diversion policies so avoid labelling them as criminals or going to anger management to avoid prosecution

Can deal sucessfully with minor offenders and young offenders.

What policies do right realists push

SCP - situational crime prevention reduce opportunities for crime by increasing the risks or difficulties of commiting crime and reducing the rewards

What policiies do left realists push?

Policiies to reudce inequality

Surveillance policies

CCTV - depends on if criminals believe they are being watched and being deterred, many few are put off by CCYB