PE sac

A-VO2

The A-VO2 difference is the amount of oxygen your tissues extract from each unit of blood. In simple terms it’s how much oxygen your body actually uses.

What happens in expiration

Expiration is your lungs releasing air and carbon dioxide (breathing out). The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax

What happens in inspiration

Inspiration is your lungs inhaling air and oxygen (breathing in). The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract.

What is gaseous exchange

Gaseous exchange is the process where oxygen enters the enters the muscle tissues and carbon dioxide is taken from the tissues via the capillaries

What is a Artery

An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. It has thick elastic walls and has no valves, they also carry oxygen rich blood

What is a vein

A vein is a blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart. They have thin walls and valves, they also carry low oxygenated blood

What are capillaries

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body, and they are where the actual exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes happens between the blood and the body’s cells.

What are Red blood cells

Red blood cells are the blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen around the body.

What are white blood cells

White blood cells are the cells in your blood that defend the body against infection, illness, and disease.

What is plasma

Plasma is the liquid part of blood — the pale yellow fluid that carries all the blood cells and many important substances around the body.

What are platelets

Platelets are the tiny cell fragments in your blood that help it clot

What is Thermoregulation

Thermoregulation is the process your body uses to maintain a stable internal temperature, usually around 37°C, even when the external environment changes.

What is hyperthermia

The body’s core temperature rising over 38 degrees

What is hypothermia

The body’s core temperature dropping below 35 degrees

What is vasodilation

The blood cells relaxing causing them to expand

What is vasoconstriction

The blood vessels contracting causing them to shrink

What is redistribution of blood

Redistribution of blood is the process of directing blood flow away from non-essential areas and towards working muscles during exercise through vasodilation and vasoconstriction. This ensures muscles receive more oxygen and nutrients to meet increased energy demands.

Pulmonary circulation throughout the heart

Pulmonary circulation is the movement of deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary artery, where gas exchange occurs, before oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins.