Male Reproductive 1

The male and female gametes combine their genes to form what?

a fertilized egg (zygote)

Which gamete has motility?

sperm from male

What chromosome does the sperm contain?

Y chromosome

Which gamete contains nutrients for developing the zygote?

egg (or ovum) from females

In most mammals, what does the female also do for the zygote?

provides shelter for developing fetus (uterus and placenta)

How is fertilization different in monotremes?

fertilization occurs internally, but the female doesn't have placenta (uses eggs instead); mother still lactates but no nipples

What are the primary sex organs (gonads)?

testes or ovaries

What do the testes and ovaries produce?

gametes

What are secondary sex organs?

organs other than the gonads

What are the male secondary sex organs?

ducts, glands, penis deliver sperm cells

What are the female secondary sex organs?

uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina receive sperm and nourish the developing fetus

What are secondary sex characteristics?

develop at puberty to attract a mate

What are some examples of secondary sex characteristics?

pubic, axillary, and facial hair, scent/glands, body morphology and low-pitched voice in males

What is sexual selection?

natural selection arising through preference by one sex for certain characteristics in individuals of the other sex.

What are homologous structures?

share a common origin and similar functions

What are examples of homologous structures?

male testes and female ovaries; male penis and female clitoris

What two things do the primary sex organs produce?

gametes (sperm and ova) and sex hormones (testosterone and estrogens)

How are gametes formed?

cell division called meoisis

What are the sex hormones?

testosterone and estrogens

What are sex hormones vital for?

development and function of reproductive organs and other organs/tissues, sexual behavior, sexual drives

What are accessory reproductive organs?

ducts, glands, and external genitalia

How many pairs of chromosomes do our cells contain?

23 pairs

How many pairs of autosomes do we have?

22 pairs of autosomes

How many pairs of sex chromosomes do we have?

just one (XY: males XX: females)

What determines the sex of the offspring?

the type of sperm that fertilizes mother's egg

What four components make up the male reproductive system?

testes, extra-testicular excurrent duct system, accessory sex glands, and penis

What are the testes?

the male gonads are the site of gamete and hormone production and the intratesticular duct system

What is the extra-testicular excurrent duct system?

series of tubes that has a common embryonic origin and conducts sperm away from the testes to the copulatory organ

What does the extra-testicular excurrent duct system consist of?

efferent ductules, ductus epididymis, ductus deferens, and ejaculatory duct

What are the accessory sex glands?

contribute to semen volume and function; they include the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands

What is the penis?

copulatory organ; its duct, the urethra, serves as the terminal passage for both the urinary and reproductive systems

What surrounds each testis?

each testis is surrounded by two tunics: tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea

What is the tunica vaginalis?

outer layer derived from the peritoneum

What is the tunica albuginea?

inner layer forms fibrous capsule

What divide testis into 250 lobules?

septums

what are seminiferous tubules?

the site of sperm production

what lie between seminiferous tubules?

interstitial leydig cells

What do interstitial cells produce?

testosterone

What is the intratesticular duct?

the network of ducts or tubules located within the testes

What are the functions of the intratesticular duct?

involved in the transport, maturation, and storage of sperm cells

What are the main components of the intratesticular duct system?

the seminiferous tubules, straight tubules (tubuli recti), and the rete testis

How does sperm travel through the testes?

seminiferous tubules -> straight tubules -> rete testis

What is in the extra-testicular excurrent duct system?

the efferent ductules, ductus epididymis, ductus deferens (van deferens), and ejaculatory duct