Religion Unit 5

Scholasticism

Having to do with knowledge of God -

using reason as the primary argument.

Belief is not only based on faith in God...

Reason

Logic

Inquiry

Thomas Aquinas

One of the greatest names in

scholasticism

Italian Dominican

theologian.

He was the

foremost medieval

Scholastic.

The father of the

Thomastic school of

theology.

Summa Theologiae

the greatest work of Thomas Aquinas, the high point of Christian

Scholasticism.

Summas three parts

A- God as God

B-God as God relates to humans

C-Christ as mediator between God and

Humans

The Babylonian Captivity

1309-1377)

After the death of Pope Innocent -

This period in the life of

the Church began when

Clement V moved the

papacy to Avignon, France,

citing that because of

frequent wars in Italy, it

was unsafe for the popes.

how many popes lived in avignon

7

Pope Clement V: 1305-1314 (curia moved to

Avignon March 9, 1309)

Pope John XXII: 1316-1334

Pope Benedict XII: 1334-1342

Pope Clement VI: 1342-1352

Pope Innocent VI: 1352-1362

Pope Urban V: 1362-1370 (in Rome

1367-1370; returned to Avignon 1370)

Pope Gregory XI: 1370-1378 (left Avignon to

return to Rome on September 13, 1376)

Catherine of Siena

wrote letter to Pope Gregory XI in france to return to the papacy in italy

The Great Western Schism

Also known as the Papal Schism:

a split within the Roman Catholic Church

from 1378 to 1417 - 40 years

Several men simultaneously claimed to be

the true pope.

Renaissance literally means

rebirth

what does the renaissance put emphasis on?

rediscovery of Ancient Greece, Rome, and

even Egypt Stresses Nature and Humanity

Puts education first

Causes of the Renaissance

*Fall of Constantinople by Muslims

(1453)

*Greek scholars fled to Italy - They

brought ideas, innovation, blue prints.

*The Eastern Empire (Byzantium)

flourished while the rest of the Roman

empire was in the Dark Ages

(Major city centers) Venice:

Republic ruled by oligarchy: a social structure

in which power effectively rests with powerful families and nobles.

(Major city centers) Milan:

Visconti and Sforza families.

(Major city centers) Florence (Tuscany):

Republic ruled by the Medici

family

(Major city centers) Papal States:

Ruled by the Pope - thanks to pepin the short

(Major city centers) Kingdom of Naples:

Ruled by a feudal Spanish monarch King of Aragon.

Humanism

Part of the Renaissance Movement

An intellectual and artistic movement

that called for cultural and religious

reform

Critical of Ecclesiastical abuses

Emphasis was on Sacred Scripture and

the Patristic Period

Erasmus

The leading humanist of the age

Devoted his life to laying the groundwork

for a new biblical, critical, and historical

theology.

Studied ancient languages

Translated New Testament from Latin to

Greek

Encourage the Church to return to

ancient roots

Wrote editions on the Early Church

Fathers

Erasmus best known work

In Praise of Folly (1509)

Discoursed on the foolishness and misguided

pompousness of the world

considered the

greatest literary work composed in the

Italian language and a masterpiece of

world literature.

Dantes Divine comedy

Hell

Inferno

Purgatory

Purgatorio

Heaven

Paridiso

First Circle of Hell

Limbo

Second Circle of Hell

lust

Third Circle of Hell

gluttony

Fourth Circle of Hell

greed

Fifth Circle of Hell

anger

Sixth Circle of Hell

heresy

Seventh Circle of Hell

violence

Eighth Circle of Hell

fraud

Ninth Circle of Hell

treachery

Dante's nine spheres of Heaven

the Moon, Mercury, Venus,

the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, the Fixed Stars,

and the Primum Mobile

EMPYREAN,

Above the Primum Mobile and is the abode of God

14 Renaissance Popes:

Martin V

Eugene IV

Nicholas V

Calixtus III

Pius II

Paul II

Sixtus IV

Innocent VIII

Alexander VI

Pius III

Julius II

Leo X

Adrian VI

Clement VII

What was different about these popes?

were more men of culture or

rulers than spiritual or religious leaders.

were more involved in

secular affairs and Renaissance culture;

promoting art and learning; failed to deal

with spiritual matters

Filippo Brunelleschi

was probably the

most influential and famous architect of

the Italian Renaissance. He was best

known for building and designing domes

that usually went atop churches.

The most famous building he is associated

with is the domed cathedral Duomo in

Florence.

Leonardo da Vinci

1452-1519

17 paintings

Notebooks/Designs

Drawings of unfinished works

Diverted rivers to prevent flooding

Principles of turbine

Cartography (map-making)

Submarine

Flying machine

Parachute

Michelangelo

Lived in the

Medici palace

Studied anatomy

Several pieces for

the Medici tombs,

etc.

Michelangelos very famous statue

David

Purgatorio

7 levels representing the 7 deadly sins

This is the second section of Divine Comedy

Donatello

Worked on tomb

for Julius II

Sistine Chapel

The Creation of Adam

Sistine Chapel

Imparting the knowledge of God to man

The brain of God!

Why does Michelangelos Moses statue have horns

because of the

mistranslation of the Hebrew

Scriptures into Latin by St

Jerome. Moses is actually

described as having "rays of the

skin of his face", which Jerome

in the Vulgate had translated as

"horns".

Raphael

Borrowed techniques from other

great artists

Often sketched women and children

Architect for St. Peter's

Died at 37 and buried in the

Pantheon

School of Athens

Painted by Raphael

Giovanni Palestrina

Wrote over 100 masses

Gregorian chant

Mass in Honor of Pope Marcellus

Influenced later music

Buried in St. Peter's Basilica

"The Prince of Music"