Psychology: Exposure Therapy, CBT, Neurotransmitters, and Addiction Treatment

Who developed the first form of exposure therapy using Little Peter and a rabbit?

Mary Cover Jones

Who developed systematic desensitization?

Joseph Wolpe

What method involves a therapist teaching relaxation and gradually exposing a client to fear using a hierarchy?

Systematic desensitization

What concept involves a child being gradually exposed to a feared object while in a relaxed state?

Early exposure therapy

What is systematic desensitization based on?

Counterconditioning

What does counterconditioning mean?

Learning a new response to replace an unwanted behavior

Who developed Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET)?

Albert Ellis

Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET) is an early form of what therapy?

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

What type of therapy focuses on changing irrational beliefs using RET?

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

What is applied behavior analysis (ABA)?

An operant conditioning technique that uses reinforcement and punishment to change behavior

ABA is most commonly used to treat which population?

Children with autism

What technique involves a therapist using rewards like stickers or praise to encourage behavior in a child with autism?

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

What is virtual reality exposure therapy?

A therapy that uses simulations to help clients confront fears when real-life exposure is not practical

What therapy uses a flight simulator to treat fear of flying?

Virtual reality exposure therapy

Antipsychotic medications primarily affect which neurotransmitter?

Dopamine

Antidepressants primarily affect which neurotransmitters?

Serotonin and norepinephrine

Anti-anxiety medications affect which system?

Central nervous system

What is an important exception to confidentiality in therapy?

If the client is a danger to themselves or others

When can a therapist legally break confidentiality?

When there is a threat of harm to self or others

Which part of the brain is affected by addiction and is responsible for decision-making?

Prefrontal cortex

Why is relapse common in addiction?

Because addiction causes long-term brain changes, especially in the prefrontal cortex

What is the goal of substance-related treatment?

To stop compulsive drug-seeking behavior

What type of treatment is most effective for addiction?

Long-term, holistic treatment

Why is group therapy effective for addiction?

It provides support, accountability, and shared experiences that help maintain sobriety