Anatomy Orientation to the Human Body

Week 1

Anatomy

Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

Physiology

Study of how the body and its parts work or function

What do Highly Organized organisms do

Mantain boundaries, Respond to environment, Take in and throw out,Reproduce and Grow

Integumentary

Forms external body covering,protects deeper tissue from injury,synthesizes vitamin d, Location of cutaneous nerve receptors (SKIN)

Skeletal

Protects and supports body organs,Provides muscle attachment for movement,site of blood cell formation, Stores minerals (Cartilages,Joint,Bones)

Muscular

Allows locomotion,Mantains posture,Produces Heat (skeletal muscles)

Nervous

Fast acting control system,Responds to internal and external change, Activates muscles and glands (Brain,Sensory receptors,Bones)

Endocrine

Secretes regulatory Hormones, Growth,Reproduction,Metabolism (Pineal Gland,Pitutary gland,Thyroid Gland,Thymus Gland,Adrenal gland,Pancreas,Testis,Ovary)

Cardiovascular

Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart; Oxygen, Carbon dioxide,Nutrients,Waste (Heart)

Lymphatic

Returns fluids to blood vessels,Disposes of debris, involved in immunity (Thoratic Duct,Lymph nodes,Lymphatic vessels)

Digestive

Breaks down food,Eliminates indigestable food (Oral cavity,esophagus,syomach, small and large intestine,Rectum, Anus)

Reproductive

Production of offspring (Seminacle vesciles, penis,prostate gland,Van deferns,testis,scrotum,Mammary glands,Uterine tube,ovary,uterus,Vagina

Respitory

Keeps blood supplied with oxygen removes carbon dioxide( nasal Cavity,Pharynx,Larynx,Trachea,Bronchus,Left Lung)

Urinary

Eliminates nitrogenous waste,Maintains acid base balance,Regulation of materials(Water electrolytes) (Kidney,Ureter,Urinary bladder,Uretha)

Superior

toward the head end or upper body

Inferior

Away from the head end or lower body

Anterior

Toward or at the front of the body

Posterior

Toward or at the backside of the body

Medial

Toward or at the midline of the body

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body

Intermediate

between a more medial and lateral structure

Proximal

close to the origin of the body part

Distal

Farther from the origin of the body part

Superficial

Toward or at the surface

Deep

away from the body surface

Necessary life functions

Mantain boundaries,Movement,responsiveness,digestion,metabolism,excretion,reproduction,growth

Survival needs

Nutrients,Oxygen,Water,Atmospheric pressure

Homeostasis

Mantain a stable internal enviornment or a dynamic state of equilibrium

Receptor

responds to changes in the environment(Stimuli)

Control center

Determines set point,Analyzes info,Determines appropriate response

Effector

Provides a mean for response to he stimulus

Negative Feedback

includes most homeostasis control mechanisms,shuts off original simulus or reduces its intensity

Positive Feedback

increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther (Only occurs for blood clotting and birth of a baby)

Hallux

Big toe

Brachial

arm

Digital

fingers/toes

Buccal

cheek

Manus

hand

Nasal

nose

Tarsal

ankle

Coxal

hip

Fibular

side of the lower leg

Cephalic

head

Femoral

thigh

Otic

ear

Sural

calf

Crural

Lower leg

Pelvic

Pelvis

Thoracic

Chest