Thermodynamics Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts related to thermodynamics, including definitions of terms, processes, and relevant equations.

System

A defined portion of the universe that is being observed, often in the context of a chemical process.

Surroundings

Everything in the universe that is not part of the system.

Endothermic process

A process where the system gains energy from its surroundings.

Exothermic process

A process where the system gives energy to its surroundings.

Internal energy

The total energy contained within a system, which includes both kinetic and potential energy.

Equation for internal energy

Internal energy (U) is calculated as U = Σ Potential energy + Kinetic energy.

Heat

The flow of thermal energy between a system and its surroundings.

Equation for heat

Heat can be calculated using the equation q = mCΔT, where m is mass, C is specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

Work

Energy that can be measured by the expansion or compression of a gas.

Equation for work

Work (W) can be calculated using the equation W = -PΔV, where P is pressure and ΔV is the change in volume.