IB chem term 2

Ionic Bond

A type of chemical bond that forms between two atoms when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions with opposite charges.

Ion

A charged particle formed when an atom gains or loses electrons

Lattice Energy

The energy released when ions come together to form a crystal lattice.

Electrostatic attraction

The attractive force between oppositely charged ions in an ionic compound.

Formula Unit

The simplest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound.

Covalent Bond

A type of chemical bond that forms between two atoms when they share one or more pairs of electrons.

Molecule

A group of atoms bonded together by covalent bonds.

Electron pair

A pair of electrons shared between two atoms in a covalent bond.

Mole (mol)

A unit of measurement that represents 6.022 x 10^23 particles (atoms, molecules, or ions).

Avogadro’s Number

The number of particles in one mole of a substance (6.022 x 10^23 particles/mol).

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, usually expressed in units of grams per mole (g/mol).

Empirical Formula

The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

Molecular formula

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Ideal gas

A hypothetical gas that obeys the gas laws under all conditions.

gas constant

A constant that relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas (8.3145 J/mol·K).

Pressure (P)

The force exerted per unit area on the walls of a container by a gas.

Volume (V)

The amount of space occupied by a gas

Temperature (T)

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a gas

Boyle’s Law

The relationship between pressure and volume of an ideal gas at constant temperature (P1V1 = P2V2)

Charles’Law

The relationship between volume and temperature of an ideal gas at constant pressure (V1/T1 = V2/T2).

Atom

The smallest unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.

Molecule

A group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

Ion

A charged particle formed when an atom gains or loses electrons

Element

A substance consisting of atoms of only one type, which cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

Compound

A substance formed when two or more different elements are chemically bonded together.

Mixture

A physical blend of two or more substances, which can be separated by physical means.

Plasma

A high-energy state of matter where atoms are ionized and electrons are free to move.

Ionic Bond

A type of chemical bond that forms between two atoms when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions with opposite charges.

Covalent Bond

A type of chemical bond that forms between two atoms when they share one or more pairs of electrons.

Metallic Bond

A type of chemical bond that occurs between metal atoms, where electrons are delocalized and free to move throughout the metal lattice.